刑事诉讼近亲属拒证权构建基础与路径研究

A Study on Some Issues of the Witness Privilege in Criminal Proceedings

刑事诉讼近亲属拒证权作为一项保障人权的法律制度,在我国尚付阙如,蕴含亲属拒证权内核的亲亲相隐制度随着国家本位主义观念的盛行而遭到废除,有碍家庭关系的维系及质证权的全面行使。事实上,该制度于人伦精神之丰富、社会关系之构建、服刑结束人员之关怀都具有重要的价值,近亲属拒证权的构建不仅能够完善我国的人权保障和证人出庭制度,而且可以加快我国人权主流化的进程,回应我国对于刑事诉讼法多元化司法的要求,推动法治国家的建设。究其构建的具体路径,应当注重多种价值的选择与平衡,设立合理的边界以免造成价值失衡,将危害国家安全的犯罪、以危险方法危害公共安全的犯罪、危害公共卫生罪及亲属间的犯罪作为近亲属拒证权的例外情形,以相应机关的告知义务和审查义务为视角完善该制度的适用程序,探究申诉与审查并重的救济途径以保障权利的良好行使。

The witness privilege in criminal proceedings,as a legal system to protect human rights,in our country is not yet available.The practical significance of the immunity of close relatives from compulsory testimony in court is also open to discussion.The reason why the witness privilege in criminal proceedings has been accommodated by many legal systems is that it is rich in judicial value.In recent years,China's achievements in building a country governed by the rule of law have become increasingly prominent.The function of criminal justice is no longer simply to punish crime,but also has more diversified values and needs.Therefore,the study of the witness privilege should be carried out with a developmental perspective and the latest trend of judicial pluralism,and it is especially important to realize that the construction of the witness privilege for relatives is a response to judicial pluralism.The witness privilege in criminal proceedings in China is of great significance not only to revive the value of our traditional system and further protect human rights,but also to improve the witness testimony system and respond to modern pluralistic justice.Furthermore,it can only be realized with the maximum rights and interests if it is constructed with boundaries.