小麦专用肥配施改良剂对旱地小麦产量、品质及肥水效率的影响

Effects of wheat special fertilizers combined with modifier on yield,quality,and fertilizer and water efficiency of wheat in dry land

为探讨小麦专用肥配施改良剂的肥效,明确其对旱地强筋小麦产量、根系发育、品质及养分、肥水效率的影响,于2021—2023年定位研究了不施氮肥(CK)、农民习惯施肥(FP)、小麦专用肥(T1)、小麦专用肥+秸秆原位腐熟剂(T2)、小麦专用肥+秸秆原位腐熟剂+羧甲基纤维素钾(T3)处理下,旱地强筋小麦的产量及其构成、根系发育、品质及养分、肥水效率。结果表明:与FP处理相比,T2、T3处理籽粒产量及其构成因素均呈上升趋势,分别增产5.89%和11.53%;地上部生物量分别增加3.67%和4.26%;蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和籽粒养分均有所增加;氮肥农学效率分别提高43.42%和70.55%;肥料偏生产力分别增加5.93%和7.77%;氮肥利用率分别提高10.78个百分点和27.73个百分点;经济效益分别增长5.13%和12.01%。T2处理下,面团的粉质特性和拉伸特性指标均表现最好。研究表明,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O配比为21∶18∶5的小麦专用肥配施秸秆腐熟剂和保水剂可提高旱地小麦产量和肥水效率。

The study focused on providing a basis for rational fertilization of the effects of special wheat fertilizer combined with improver on yield,root development,quality,nutrient,and fertilizer and water utilization of strong gluten wheat in dry land.In 2021-2023,the effects of no nitrogen application(CK),conventional nitrogen application rate(FP),wheat special fertilizer,and modified agent(T1,T2,T3)on wheat yield,root system,quality,nutrient,fertilizer and water efficiency of dryland wheat were studied.The results showed that compared with those of FP treatment,the grain yield and its component factors of special wheat fertilizer combined with modifier(T2 and T3)increased by 5.89%and 11.53%,aboveground biomass increased by 3.67%and 4.26%,protein content,wet gluten content,and grain nutrients were increased respectively.Compared with those of FP treatment,the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of T2 and T3 increased by 43.42%and 70.55%,fertilizer productivity increased by 5.93%and 7.77%,the nitrogen utilization rate increased by 10.78 and 27.73 percentage points,and economic benefits increased by 5.13%and 12.01%respectively.Under the T2 treatment mode,the flour′s rheological properties were the best.N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O ratio of 21∶18∶5 wheat fertilizer combined with straw maturing agent and water retaining agent could improve fertilizer utilization and wheat yield efficiency in dry land.