粪肥还田对土壤-植物系统中抗生素和抗性基因分布特征的影响研究综述

Distribution and influencing factors of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in soil-plant systems induced by manure return

粪肥还田对土壤-植物系统造成了抗生素和抗性基因(ARGs)的污染,具有潜在环境风险。本文系统总结了粪肥、土壤、植物中抗生素和ARGs的分布特征,分析了土壤-植物系统中的关键影响因素。通过分析发现,微生物长时间处于低抑制浓度的抗生素和重金属环境中容易诱导ARGs的产生,粪肥还田和改良土壤中抗生素浓度和ARGs丰度存在明显的地理分区和粪肥种类差异。总体来看猪粪和鸡粪肥及对应土壤中的抗生素和ARGs残留高于牛粪肥,叶类与茄科类蔬菜容易富集抗生素及ARGs。粪肥类型、植物种类、土壤理化性质、重金属以及微生物群落等均影响土壤-植物系统中的抗生素和ARGs的分布规律;粪肥中抗生素向土壤和植物的迁移受抗生素特性的影响较大,且其浓度随跨介质迁移过程不断降低;细菌群落显著影响ARGs的迁移,ARGs在从土壤到植物的迁移过程中可被稀释100~1000倍。未来需加强有机肥产品中抗生素及ARGs的浓度控制标准以及环境中ARGs的产生与迁移机制等研究。本综述旨在全面揭示土壤-植物系统中抗生素及抗性基因的分布特征及影响因素,为科学有效应对微生物耐药性的跨介质迁移提供基础。

Manure return to field has caused serious pollution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil-plant system,which has potential environmental risks.This paper summarized the distribution characteristics of antibiotics and ARGs in manure,soil,and plants and their influencing factors in soil-plant systems.The results showed that microorganisms prolonged exposure to low inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and heavy metals was likely to induce the generation of ARGs,and there were significant geographical and species differences in antibiotic concentration and ARGs abundance in manure and improved soil.Generally,the residues of antibiotics and ARGs in manure and corresponding soil of pigs and chickens were higher than those of cattle.Moreover,antibiotics and antibiotic resistant genes were more likely to accumulate in leafy and nightshade vegetables.Manure types,plant species,soil physicochemical properties,heavy metals,and microbial communities affected the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in the soil-plant system.The migration of antibiotics from manure to soil and plants was greatly affected by the characteristics of antibiotics,and the concentration of antibiotics decreased continuously during transmedia migration.Bacterial communities significantly affect the migration of ARGs,diluted 100 to 1000 times as they moved from soil to plant.For example,changes in soil microbial community structure will affect the species and abundance of ARGs in different cultivated crops.Research on the concentration control standards of antibiotics and ARGs in organic fertilizer and their migration mechanism needs to be intensified.This review aims to reveal the occurrence characteristics of ARGs in the soil-plant system and provide a basis for a scientific and effective response to the transmedia migration of microbial resistance.