落叶松球蚜生物学和生态学特性研究进展

Research Progress on the Biological and Ecological Characteristics of the Larch Adelgid,Adelges laricis(Hemiptera:Adelgidae)

落叶松球蚜属于半翅目球蚜科,是一种以刺吸方式为害云杉和落叶松顶芽和枝梢的重要害虫。本研究首先概述了落叶松球蚜2个亚种的地理分布、寄主树种、生活史,以及各世代形态特征和生活代史等生物学特性;其次,对其空间分布型、生态位分布及各种生态因子对个体发育、种群发生和分布等生态学特性进行了总结。在综述已有研究基础上,提出未来4个主要研究方向:深入研究落叶松球蚜及与其基因型相同的球蚜物种间不同的地理种群遗传机制;深入研究落叶松球蚜与寄主植物、天敌昆虫之间的相互作用机制;建立落叶松球蚜种群的遥感监测及长期的预测预报体系;再次强调多树种混交林对实现落叶松球蚜绿色防控的重要性。研究旨在为落叶松球蚜的预测预报和绿色防控提供理论基础,并提出了一些关键的科学问题。

The larch adelgid,Adelges laricis(Hemiptera:Adelgidae),is a significant pest that stings and infests the terminal buds and branch tips of larch and spruce trees.Firstly,this paper overviewed 2 subspecies of the larch adelgid from the aspects of the geographical distribution,host tree species,and life history,as well as the biological characteristics,such as morphological features and generational history of each generation.Secondly,the spatial distribution,ecological niche distribution,and ecological characteristics of various ecological factors affecting individual development,population occurrence,and distribution were summarized.Based on the review,four key areas of future research were proposed:to conduct a detailed investigation on the genetic mechanisms of the larch adelgid and its genotypically homogenous adelgid species,as well as different geographic populations;to explore the mechanisms of interactions between the larch adelgid and its host plants,as well as natural predators;to establish a remote sensing system to monitor the population of the larch adelgid and develop a long-term prediction system;to emphasize the significance of multi-species mixed forests in promoting the greening of the larch adelgid.Our objective is to establish a theoretical foundation for predicting and forecasting larch adelgid outbreaks and implementing eco-friendly methods to control them.