设施西瓜水肥一体化技术研究

Study on Water-fertilizer Integration Techniques of Facility Watermelon

为阐明水肥一体化模式下设施西瓜各指标的变化规律,采用田间小区试验研究了不同减肥措施对西瓜产量、品质及土壤理化性质变化的影响。结果表明,采用水肥一体化技术化肥施用量可减少33%~55%,可显著提高西瓜的产量,增产729~1306 kg/hm^(2),可显著减少西瓜硝酸盐积累量5.55%~13.02%,促进VC含量增加7.02%~13.66%,边糖含量增加14.01%~16.26%,瓜皮厚度降低6.29%~11.19%。水肥一体化处理的氮素、磷素和钾素积累量均呈降低趋势,西瓜收获后,水肥一体化处理的土壤pH值和有机质含量升高,EC值、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量降低。与水肥一体化处理相比,减少化肥施用量和有机肥替代化肥处理的EC值呈降低趋势。综上所述,西瓜设施种植中基施商品有机肥1000 kg/667 m^(2),撒可富复合肥(15-15-15)20 kg/667 m^(2),采用水肥一体设备在伸蔓期追施硝态氮肥2 kg/667 m^(2),膨瓜期追施高钾水溶肥6 kg/667 m^(2)效果最好。

In order to clarify the change rule of various indexes of facility watermelon under the integrated model of water and fertilizer,field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different weight-reducing measures on yield,quality and soil physical and chemical properties of watermelon.The results showed that chemical fertilizer could be reduced by 33%-55%,the yield of watermelon could be significantly increased by 729-1306 kg/hm^(2),and the nitrate accumulation of watermelon could be significantly reduced by 5.55%-13.02%,the VC content could be increased by 7.02%-13.66%,the sugar content could be increased by 14.01%-16.26%,and the peel thickness could be reduced by 6.29%-11.19%with water-fertilizer integration techniques.The accumulation of N,P and K in the water-fertilizer integrated treatment tended to decrease.After harvest,the soil pH value and organic matter content of the water-fertilizer integrated treatment increased,while EC value,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium decreased.Compared with water-fertilizer integration treatment,the EC value of organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer replacement treatment decreased.In summary,the effect of watermelon facility planting in the base application of commercial organic fertilizer 1000 kg/667 m^(2),Kefu compound fertilizer(15-15-15)20 kg/667 m^(2),the use of water and fertilizer equipment in the extension period of topdressing nitrate nitrogen fertilizer 2 kg/667 m^(2),the expansion period of topdressing high potassium water soluble fertilizer 6 kg/667 m^(2)was the best.