典型草原两种优势鼠种体表寄生蚤群落的影响因素

Effects of Factors on Flea Community Dynamics on the Body Surface of Two Dominant Rodent Species in Typical Steppe Ecosystem

寄生蚤是多种流行病的媒介,对全球生态和公共卫生安全具有特殊的重要性。布氏田鼠和达乌尔黄鼠是典型草原常见的啮齿动物,是多种蚤类的宿主,也是鼠疫菌的主要携带者。本研究于2021年5月、7月、9月和2022年5月分别在内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗和正镶白旗对布氏田鼠和达乌尔黄鼠体表寄生蚤进行群落监测,分析两种优势鼠种寄生蚤群落结构与群落多样性的影响因素,以期为鼠疫防控提供参考依据。结果显示,布氏田鼠体表寄生蚤共2科5属8种,其中光亮额蚤、近代新蚤东方亚种和原双蚤田野亚种是常见种;达乌尔黄鼠体表寄生蚤共3科3属5种,其中方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种是优势种,阿巴盖新蚤和光亮额蚤是常见种。布氏田鼠和达乌尔黄鼠体表寄生蚤群落多样性指数存在季节差异。布氏田鼠体表寄生蚤群落多样性指数与体重呈极显著正相关(Shannon-Wiener多样性指数:r=0.174,P<0.001;Pielou均匀度指数:r=0.164,P<0.001),达乌尔黄鼠体表寄生蚤群落多样性指数与平均温度呈极显著负相关(Shannon-Wiener多样性指数:r=−0.430,P=0.004;Pielou均匀度指数:r=−0.425,P=0.004)。综上所述,环境因素和宿主的生物学因素是导致寄生蚤群落多样性特征变化的影响因素。

As the vector of various epidemics,fleas make vital difference on global ecology and public health.Lasiopodomys brandtii and Spermophilus dauricus,prevalent rodent species in typical steppe,are recognized as host of various fleas and major carriers of Yersinia pestis.This research monitored flea com‐munities on body surface of L.brandtii and S.dauricus in May,July,and September 2021 and May 2022 in East Ujimqin Banner and Zhengxiangbai Banner of Xilingol League,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Objectives of the monitoring was to analyze effects of factors on community structures and diversity of parasitic flea on rodent and aimed to prevent Yersinia pestis.Results of the observation revealed eight flea species belonging to five genera and two families were found on L.brandtii body surface,in which Frontopsylla luculenta,Neopsylla pleskei orientalis and Amphipsylla primaris mitis were common species.On body surface of S.dauricus,five species in three genera and three families were identified,in which Citellophilus tesquorum mongolicus dominated and Neopsylla abagaitui and Frontopsylla luculenta as common species.Seasonal variations in flea diversity indices were observed on body surface of two rodent species.The diversity index of fleas on L.brandtii body surface showed a extremely positive correlation with body weight(Shannon-Wiener diversity index:r=0.174,P<0.001;Pielou evenness index:r=0.164,P<0.001),whereas the diversity index of fleas on S.dauricus body surface extremely correlated negatively with temperature(Shannon-Wiener diversity index:r=−0.430,P=0.004;Pielou evenness index:r=−0.425,P=0.004).In conclusion,environmental and host biological factors have major effects on flea community diversity characteristics.