动词复制结构的特征和构造

The Features and Structure of Verb-Copying Constructions

本文从句法角度对动词复制结构的句法特征、生成过程和生成限制问题进行了分析。在对动词复制结构进行多种理论的分析尝试之后,本文提出了VP1作主语、V2作谓语的分析模式,即动宾词组作主语。如果VP1含有逻辑主语,则可视为主谓词组作主语。由于VP1是一个词组,而不是一个小句,因此其作主语时,其中的V1自然不可携带时体标记、补语标记和副词修饰语,以及被否定词否定。这一分析模式不仅合理解释了动词复制结构的时体标记、副词修饰语、否定词和补语的句法分布问题,而且合理解释了宾语不能复制的深层原因,尤其是动词复制结构的推导机制及其必须遵守的句法限制等诸多理论问题和经验问题。更为重要的是,该模式同样适用于瓦塔语、希伯来语等语言的动词复制结构,因而在一定程度上具有语言普遍性意义。

This paper addresses the syntactic features and the generation of verb-copying constructions(VCCs),as well as the constraints on their generation in the framework of generative grammar.After having reviewed the possible analyses of VCCs,the paper proposes that VP1,which has become a GP,serves as the subject and V2 functions as the predicate.If VP1 contains a logical subject,it can be regarded as SV functioning as the subject.Since VP1 is a phrase,instead of a clause,when it serves as the subject,V1 cannot be followed by tense/aspect markers,complement markers,and adverbial adjuncts.Nor can it be negated by a negative.This model of analysis can account for the syntactic distribution of tense/aspect markers,adverbials,negatives,and complements.Furthermore,it can account for why object copying is forbidden,especially the mechanism of derivation of VCCs and the syntactic constraints they must be subject to.More importantly,it can also be applied to VCCs in Vata and Hebrew.Therefore,it is to some degree significant of linguistic universalism.