清前期国家翻译实践概略

State Translation Program in the Early Qing Dynasty

国家翻译实践是使命型的翻译活动,服务于国家的战略利益和治理目的。中国历史上的民族政权无不通过国家翻译构建政治文化认同,融入中华文明。明清鼎革之后,清廷面临着统治中国的政治合法性危机。为解决这一问题,清朝统治者发起大规模的国家翻译实践,以构建统治中国的合法性。本研究考察清前期四朝的国内语际型国家翻译实践活动,发现其对于清廷维护政治稳定,推动民族融合,确立政权合法性,构建多民族大一统的“中国”认同,具有积极作用。

State translation program is a mission-oriented translation activity that serves the strategic interests and governance purposes of the state.In China’s history,ethnic-dominated government has always taken state translation as an important means to integrate itself into Chinese civilization and build Chinese political and cultural identity.The Qing government,as the new ruler of China,faced a serious challenge to establish its political legitimacy.To address the challenge,the Qing rulers implemented continuous largescale state translation program.This study examines the interlingual state translation program of the four reigns in the early Qing dynasty and finds that the state translation program played a positive role for Qing government in the maintenance of political stability,promotion of ethnic integration,establishment of the legitimacy of its rule,and construction of“China”identity.