资产收益养老:农民补充养老收入的新路径——基于土地承包权退出的案例分析

Asset-based Income for Old-age Support:A New Path for Farmers to Supplement Their Old-age Income--Case Analysis Based on the W ithdrawal of Land Contract Rights

我国农村老年人口规模大,老龄化速度快,解决农村老年人的养老收入不足问题,是实现共同富裕的现实进路。调查发现:农村土地承包权退出作为土地资产建设的一条新兴路径,在为农村老人补充养老收入方面具有巨大潜力。农民可通过让渡其土地承包权和经营权来换取一次性货币和社会保障补偿,将土地权益转化为养老收益,实现土地资产向财产性收入的转变。但这一资产收益养老路径在实践中仍面临诸多困境,包括补偿资金的短缺、产业的发展和收益的不确定性让地方政府无法大力推广,以及捆绑式的退出模式和农民的恋土情结导致农民参与意愿不高。基于此,围绕“资产收益养老”这一逻辑主线,构建“唤醒资产—建设资产—补充养老”的理论分析框架,提出重塑土地资产理念,建立农村老年人退出机制、建构多元共治机制、完善多元补偿机制等建议。

In China,the rural elderly population is large in scale and the aging process is rapid.Solving the problem of insufficient income for rural elderly people is a practical approach to achieve common prosperity.The research found that the withdrawal of rural land contractual rights,as a new path for land asset construction,has great potential in supplementing income for rural elderly people.Farmers can exchange their land contract rights and management rights for one-time monetary and social security compensation,fully transform the land rights and interests into pension benefits,and realize the transformation of land assets into property income.However,this asset income-based pension path still faces many difficulties in practice,including the shortage of compensation funds,the uncertainty of industrial development and revenue make local governments unable to vigorously promote it,as well as the bundled withdrawal mode and farmers'attachment to the land complex leading to low participation willingness.Based on this,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of"awakening assets-building assets-supplementing pension"around the logical main line of"asset-based income for old-age support",and puts forward suggestions such as reshap-ing the concept of land assets,establishing a withdrawal mechanism for elderly farmers,dismantling the"bundled"withdrawal mode,constructing a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance mechanism,and improving a multi-compensation mechanism.