定向凝固结构功能一体化氧化铝基共晶复合陶瓷研究进展

Research progress in directionally solidified structure-function integrated alumina based eutectic composite ceramics

航空航天、电子信息、生物医学等高新技术的飞速发展对先进陶瓷材料的性能提出了更高的要求。具有单一特性的结构或功能材料已无法满足当前的需求,因此发展结构功能一体化高性能复合陶瓷已成为世界各国竞相竞争的目标。定向凝固氧化物共晶复合陶瓷是近年来发展的一类用于超高温氧化环境中长期服役的结构功能一体化复合材料。该类材料具有高熔点,低密度,优异的高温强度、高温蠕变性能等特性,同时兼具光学、电磁学、生物学等功能特性。本文综述了以Al_(2)O_(3)基材料体系为代表的定向凝固结构功能一体化共晶陶瓷的发展现状,总结出定向凝固共晶陶瓷的制备方法、技术原理和生长特点。重点阐述系列Al_(2)O_(3)基共晶陶瓷的凝固微观组织与结构特征,分析复合陶瓷的力学、光学、磁学和生物特性等性能及影响因素,并介绍其特点优势和应用范围。最后,总结定向凝固结构功能一体化共晶复合陶瓷在工程应用方面所面临的挑战和关键瓶颈,提出了共晶复合陶瓷材料在成形技术创新、综合性能提升、新体系开发等方面发展的主要方向。

The rapid advancement of high-tech technologies such as aerospace,electronic information,and biomedicine has required more demands on the properties of advanced ceramic materials.Singlecharacteristic structural or functional materials cannot meet the current requirements,so the highperformance composite ceramics with integrated structure and function have become global research objectives.Directionally solidified oxide eutectic composite ceramics are a class of structural and functional integrated composite materials developed in recent years for long-term service in ultra-high temperature oxidizing environments.They have characteristics such as high melting point,low density,excellent hightemperature strength,and high-temperature creep performance,while also possessing functional properties such as optics,electromagnetism,and biology.The latest development of directionally solidified structurefunction integrated eutectic ceramics was reviewed,specifically focusing on Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramic systems.The various preparation methods,technical principles,and growth characteristics associated with directionally solidified eutectic ceramics were summarized.Furthermore,the solidification microstructure and structural characteristics observed in a series of Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics were elaborated.The mechanical,optical,magnetic,and biological properties of composite ceramics and their influencing factors were analyzed,and their characteristics,advantages,and application scope were introduced.Finally,the review summarizes the challenges and key bottlenecks faced by directionally solidified eutectic composite ceramics in engineering applications and proposes the main directions for the development of eutectic composite ceramic materials in terms of forming technology innovation,comprehensive performance improvement,and the development of new systems.