微纳结构类石墨氮化碳的合成方法研究进展

Progress in synthesis method of micro/nano-structured graphitic carbon nitride

微纳结构类石墨氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))被广泛应用于光解水制氢/氧、光催化降解有机污染物、光催化有机合成、传感器和生物医学等领域,已成为非金属聚合物半导体光催化剂的研究热点之一。本文围绕微波法、熔盐法、模板法、剥离法和超分子自组装法在微纳结构g-C_(3)N_(4)合成中的研究进展,重点综述了超分子自组装技术在微纳结构g-C_(3)N_(4)的调控和制备效率上的优势;阐述了超分子自组装中原料体系、工艺过程等对g-C_(3)N_(4)形貌和结构的影响。最后,总结超分子自组装技术难以精细调控和定向设计g-C_(3)N_(4)微纳结构的问题,并展望了该技术未来的发展方向,比如不同方法之间的交叉研究、结合分子动力学模拟、丰富原料体系和建立工艺参数数据库。

The micro/nano-structured graphitic carbon nitride has been widely used in photocatalytic splitting water to hydrogen/oxygen,photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants,photocatalytic organic synthesis,sensors and biomedicine,and has become one of the non-metallic polymer semiconductor photocatalysts hot issues.The latest progress in the synthesis of micro/nano-structured g-C_(3)N_(4),including microwave heating,molten salt,template,exfoliation and supramolecular self-assembly method,was summarized.In particular,the advantages of supramolecular self-assembly technology in the regulation and preparation efficiency of micro/nano-structured g-C_(3)N_(4) was reviewed.Furthermore,the effect of raw material system and technological process on the morphology and structure of g-C_(3)N_(4) by supramolecular self-assembly technology was discussed.Finally,the practical challenges relevant to fine control and directional design of g-C_(3)N_(4) micro/nano-structure by supramolecular self-assembly technology were summarized.The future directions of the technique,such as the interdisciplinary research among different synthesis methods,the combination with molecular dynamics simulations,and the establishment of abundant raw material system and process parameter database,are prospected.