适宜重庆的菜用大豆种质资源鉴定与综合评价

Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Vegetable Soybean Germplasm Resources Suitable for Chongqing

为充分挖掘优异菜用大豆种质材料,精准鉴定不同材料特性,为重庆菜用大豆品种选择和种质创新提供参考。以63份参加重庆菜用大豆区试及联合鉴定试验的种质资源为研究对象,对14个菜用大豆相关性状进行多样性分析,通过主成分分析、隶属函数法、聚类分析、相关性分析对不同种质资源进行筛选和综合评价。结果表明:14个性状的变异系数在8.37%~24.90%之间,有效分枝数、株高、主茎节数、单株有效荚数、可溶性糖含量性状变异丰富,主成分分析可将14个性状简化为5个主成分:第1个主成分与500 g标准荚数、鲜百粒重和标准荚宽有关,贡献率达到35.214%;第2个主成分与株高有关;第3个主成分与可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量和蛋白质含量有关;第4个主成分与多粒率、标准荚率和标准荚长有关;第5个主成分与单株有效荚数、主茎节数和单株荚重有关。利用隶属函数综合评判不同种质得分,浙鲜9号F值最高(2.32),闽豆10号F值最低(-2.24)。聚类分析可将不同种质聚为6类,其中第5类、第6类的种质综合性状表现最优。对5个主成分归类,可归纳为大粒型因子、株型因子、品质因子、多粒荚因子、产量构成因子。通过分析品种来源,来自上海、黑龙江和浙江的种质资源,较适宜作为重庆市育种的亲本材料。综合不同分析与评价方法,浙鲜9号、万鲜3号、成鲜豆2937、交大33和浙鲜2018等品种具有粒型大、产量高、可溶性糖含量高及品质优的特点,适宜在本地种植,可为本地品种改良提供优良亲本来源。

In order to fully explore the excellent vegetable soybean germplasm materials,accurately identify the characteristics of different materials,and provide reference for the selection of vegetable soybean varieties and germplasm innovation in Chongqing.14 vegetable soybean related traits in 63 germplasm resources collected from the regional test and joint identification test in Chongqing by using diversity analysis,principal component analysis,membership function method,cluster analysis and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the soybean germplasm resources and select important characteristics.The results showed that the variation coefficients of 14 traits ranged from 8.37% to 24.90%,and large variations were effective branch number,plant height,main stem node number,effective pod number per plant and soluble sugar content had abundant variations.Principal component analysis could simplify 14 traits into 5 principal components.The first principal component was related to 500 g standard pod number,fresh 100-seed weight and standard pod width,with a contribution rate of 35.214%.The second principal component was related to plant height,the third principal component was related to soluble sugar content,starch content and protein content,the fourth principal component was related to multi-grain rate,standard pod rate and standard pod length,and the fifth principal component was related to effective pod number per plant,main stem node number and pod weight per plant.Zhexian 9 had the highest F value(2.32),and Mindou 10 the lowest F value(-2.24).We clustered different germplasms into 6 categories,among which the comprehensive germplasm of categories 5 and 6 perform optimally.The five principal components were classified into large grain type factor,plant type factor,quality factor,multi-grain pod factor and yield component factor.By analyzing the source of varieties,germplasm resources from Shanghai,Heilongjiang and Zhejiang are more suitable as parent materials for breeding in Chongqing.Based on different analysis and evaluation methods,Zhexian 9,Wanxian 3,Chengxiandou 2937,Jiaoda 33,Zhexian 2018 and other varieties have the characteristics of large seed size,high yield,high soluble sugar content and excellent quality,which are suitable for local planting and can provide excellent parent sources for local variety improvement.