不同进化类型大豆品种光合碳代谢关键酶活性研究

Study on Key Enzyme Activities of Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in Soybean Varieties of Different Evolutionary Types

光合碳代谢是大豆生长发育过程中基础的生理代谢途径,对其自身的产量和品质有重要的影响。为了探索大豆品种演化过程中光合特性的变化规律和碳代谢的演化趋势,本研究以野生、半野生、半栽培和栽培大豆品种为试验材料,对不同进化类型大豆光合特性以及光合碳代谢关键酶活性进行研究。结果表明:净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、RuBP羧化酶活性和叶绿素含量在所有类型的大豆品种中均呈现单峰曲线变化,均以栽培型最高,最大值在R2期,栽培型净光合速率、叶绿素含量和RuBP羧化酶活性分别为24.2μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、99.9 mg·g^(-1)和4.5μmol·g^(-1)·min^(-1)。碳代谢相关酶活性也均呈单峰曲线变化,蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶、淀粉合成酶、ADPG焦磷酸化酶和UDPG焦磷酸化酶活性最大值均出现在R2期,栽培型大豆品种的蔗糖合成酶和ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性显著高于其它类型品种,分别较野生、半野生、半栽培品种高203.4%、67.8%、49.2%和192.5%、142.4%和131.1%。各类型大豆叶片碳代谢相关酶活性,在V2和R2期与Pn呈显著或者极显著正相关,在R4、R6和R8期与Pn无显著相关性或呈负相关,随着大豆品种的演化,叶片光合碳同化能力改善,其中RuBP羧化酶、蔗糖合成酶和ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性增强幅度较高。研究结果可为大豆品种选育及高光效利用研究提供理论基础。

Photosynthetic carbon metabolism is the basic physiological metabolic pathway in soybean growth and development,which has an important impact on its own yield and quality.In order to study the photosynthetic characteristics and the activities of key enzymes of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in different evolutionary types of soybeans,we used wild,semi-wild,semi-cultivated and cultivated soybean varieties as experimental materials.The changes of photosynthetic characteristics and the evolution trend of carbon metabolism in the evolution of soybean varieties provided theoretical basis for breeding and utilization of high photosynthetic efficiency of soybeans.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,RuBP carboxylase activity and chlorophyll content showed a single peak curve in all types of soybean varieties.The maximum net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content and RuBP carboxylase activity of the cultivated type was 24.2 μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),99.9 mg·g^(-1) and 4.5 μmol·g^(-1)min^(-1),respectively.The activity of sucrose synthase,sucrose phosphate synthase,starch synthase,ADPG pyrophosphorylase and UDPG pyrophosphorylase were significantly higher than those of more wild,semi-wild,semi-cultivated varieties at R2 stage,which were 203.4%,67.8%,49.2% and 192.5%,142.4%,131.1% respectively.The activities of enzymes related to carbon metabolism in leaves of all types of soybean showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation with Pn at V2 and R2 stages,but no significant or negative correlation with Pn at R4,R6 and R8 stages,with the evolution of soybean varieties,the photosynthetic carbon assimilation ability of leaves was improved,and the activities of RuBP carboxylase,sucrose synthase and ADPG pyrophosphorylase were enhanced to a higher extent.The results can provide a theoretical basis for soybean breeding and high light efficiency utilization.