镰孢菌引发的大豆根腐病及其生物防治研究进展

Research Progress on Soybean Root Rot Caused by Fusarium and its Biological Control

大豆是我国主要粮食和经济作物之一,但其产量和品质极易受病害影响。大豆根腐病是世界范围内较为常见的大豆病害类型。镰孢菌(Fusarium)是大豆根腐病的主要致病菌之一。本文综述了由镰孢菌引发的大豆根腐病的发生条件、发病症状及病害影响,并分析了镰孢菌引发大豆根腐病的致病性与发病机理。通过尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)和禾谷镰孢菌(F.graminearum)的致病性研究发现,镰孢菌属菌株可以通过破坏宿主植物免疫应答系统或分泌真菌毒素破坏植物细胞等方式引发大豆根腐病。同时不同病原菌之间还存在协同互作机制,可通过分泌促侵染关键物质协同逃脱宿主植物防御。本文总结了镰孢菌引发的大豆根腐病的生物防治研究进展。生物防治手段集合多个作用靶点于一体,通过转录组学技术能够揭示生物防治的作用机理,而生防微生物固有的活体属性所带来的应用局限性则可通过与农业田间管理、化学防治相结合等方式加以攻破。本文还对关于大豆根腐病乃至各类农业生产病害的生物防治未来研究方向进行了展望。

Soybean is one of the main food and cash crops in China,but its yield and quality are easily affected by diseases.Soybean root rot is a common soybean disease type in the world.Fusarium is one of the main pathogens of soybean root rot.This paper summarizes the occurrence conditions,symptoms and disease effects of soybean root rot caused by Fusarium.The pathogenicity and pathogenesis of soybean root rot caused by Fusarium were also analyzed.Through the pathogenicity study of F.oxysporum and F.graminearum,it can be found that Fusarium strains can cause soybean root rot by destroying the host plant immune response system or secreting mycotoxins to destroy plant cells.At the same time,there is a synergistic interaction mechanism between different pathogens,which can escape the host plant defense by secreting key substances that promote infection.This paper analyzes the research progress of biological control of soybean root rot caused by Fusarium.Biological control measures integrate multiple action targets.The mechanism of biological control can be revealed by transcriptomics technology.However,the application limitations brought by the inherent living properties of biological control microorganisms can be broken through the combination of agricultural field management and chemical control.Finally,the future research direction of biological control of soybean root rot and even various agricultural production diseases was prospected.