护理本科生领导力教学的范围综述

Leadership education for undergraduate nursing students:a scoping review

目的:对护理本科生领导力教学现状进行范围综述,参照护生领导力教育模型聚类教学内容主题,为领导力教育教学的发展提供思路和方向。方法:检索Web of Science、PubMed、the Cochrane Library、EMbase、CINAHL、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(WanFang Database)、维普数据库(VIP)和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)等数据库关于护理本科生领导力教学相关的文献,围绕文献基本特征、教学开设时段、教学内容、教学方法以及考核方式及教学效果等进行范围综述,检索时限为建库至2023年10月5日。同时,与护生领导力教育模型聚类领导力教学内容主题进行比较分析。结果:共纳入17篇文献,英文发文量最多(94.1%);美国发文量最多(47.1%);领导力教学仅在大学四年级开设占比58.8%;教学内容去重整合后形成32个主题,聚类于护生领导力教育模型各维度,其中“目标设想”“团结工作氛围营造”“品牌打造”和“对外交流”维度主题少,各有2个主题;教学方法以“情景模拟”使用频次最多;过程性评价与终结性评价相结合者占29.4%,教学效果多采用自行设计问卷进行评价。结论:护理本科生领导力教学应进一步丰富教学内容和完善考评方式,注重情景模拟教学的基础上融合多元教学方法,同时结合学生成长规律将领导力教学渗透到本科教学全过程。

Objective:To provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of leadership teaching for nursing undergraduate students,and to cluster teaching content themes based on the nursing student leadership education model,in order to provide ideas and directions for the development of leadership education and teaching.Methods:Searched Web of Science,PubMed,the Cochrane Library,EMbase,CINAHL,CNKI,WanFang Database,VIP,and CBM and other databases provide a comprehensive review of literature related to leadership teaching for nursing undergraduate students,focusing on the basic characteristics of the literature,teaching period,teaching content,teaching methods,assessment methods,and teaching effectiveness.The search period was from the establishment of the database to October 5,2023.Meanwhile,a comparative analysis was conducted on the clustering of leadership teaching content themes with the nursing student leadership education model.Results:A total of 17 articles were included,which had the highest number of publications in English(94.1%);the United States had the highest number of publications(47.1%);leadership teaching only accounted for 58.8%of the total in senior year.After reorganizing and integrating the teaching content,32 themes were formed,clustered in various dimensions of the leadership education model for nursing students.Among them,the themes of envisioning goals,achieving a workable level of unity,serving as a symbol,and representing the group externally were few,with 2 themes each;the most frequently used teaching method was scenario simulation;the combination of process evaluation and summative evaluation accounted for 29.4%,and self-designed questionnaires were used to evaluate teaching effectiveness.Conclusion:Leadership teaching for undergraduate nursing students should further enrich the teaching content and improve the evaluation methods,focus on integrating diverse teaching methods on the basis of scenario simulation teaching,and integrate leadership teaching into the entire undergraduate teaching process based on students′growth patterns.