中国佤族三大方言族群的头面部指标测量

Cephalometric parameters of three Wa dialect ethnic groups in China

目的调查分析中国佤族成人的头面部测量指标。方法使用直脚规和弯脚规,测量中国佤族成人1996例(男858例、女1138例)头面部指标,其中巴饶克族群927例(男381例、女546例)、阿佤族群564例(男241例、女323例)、佤族群505例(男236例、女269例)。分别得出3个方言族群的17项头面部直接测量指标和1项间接指标,并进行年龄相关性分析,性别间u检验和多重比较。最后将3个方言族群与国内15个族群进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果佤族三大方言族群男女性的鼻宽、口裂宽和容貌耳长都与年龄成显著正相关,头宽和唇高则与年龄成显著负相关。除眼内角间宽外,三大方言族群头面部指标均存在男女间性别差异。巴饶克族群、阿佤族群和佤族群的头面部特征不尽相同,表现为巴饶克族群和佤族群的男女有较高的唇高、较宽的鼻宽和口宽,而阿佤族群男女则有较低的鼻高。结论佤族三大方言族群的头面部特征与克木人、莽人接近,他们族源为古代百濮人,且同为南亚语系孟-高棉语族族群。

Objective To survey and analysis of cephalometric indicators of Wa adults in China.Methods Cephalometric parameters were measured in 1996 cases(858 males and 1138 females)of Wa adults in China,including 927 cases(381 males and 546 females)of the Baraoke ethnic group,564 cases(241 males and 323 females)of the A Wa ethnic group,and 505 cases(236 males and 269 females)of the Wa ethnic group by using sliding caliper and spreading caliper.Seventeen direct cephalofacial parameters and one indirect parameter for each of the three dialect ethnic groups were derived separately and analyzed for age correlations,inter-sex u-tests,and multiple comparisons:Finally,the three dialect ethnic groups were subjected to cluster analysis and principal component analysis with 15 ethnic groups in China.Results Nose breadth,mouth breadth and physiognomic ear length were significantly and positively correlated with age for both sexes in the three Wa dialect ethnic groups,while head breadth and lip height were significantly and negatively correlated with age.Except for the interocular breadth,there were gender differences between males and females in the cephalometric parameters of the three Wa dialect ethnic groups.The cephalofacial features of the Baraoke,A Wa and Wa ethnic groups were different,as evidenced by the fact that males and females of the Baraoke and Wa dialect ethnic group had higher lip height,wider nasal breadth and wider mouth breadth,while males and females of the A Wa ethnic group had lower nasal height.Conclusion The cephalofacial features of the three Wa dialect ethnic groups are close to those of the Khmus and Mang,who have their origins in the ancient Baipu people and are also members of the Mon-Khmer language group of the Austroasiatic linguistic.