基于甲酸的储制氢技术现状与发展趋势

Status and development trends of hydrogen storage and production technology based on formic acid

甲酸具有高达53 g/L的体积储氢量,毒性和可燃性相对较低,便于储存及运输,是一种颇具应用前景的氢能载体。以甲酸作为储氢介质,可有效避免氢气液化和压缩等繁琐过程,从而实现氢能的高效利用。阐述了甲酸制氢原理,综述了该领域催化剂研究的最新进展,包括负载型异相催化剂体系,以及贵金属、非贵金属均相催化剂体系。总结了撬装式甲酸制氢系统、撬装式甲酸制氢-燃料电池发电系统的发展现状,讨论了其潜在的应用方向,并对基于绿色甲酸制氢的零碳循环进行了展望。

Formic acid,with a volumetric hydrogen storage capacity of up to 53 g/L,has relatively low toxicity and flammability,making it convenient for storage and transportation,so it is a promising hydrogen carrier for practical applications.Utilizing formic acid as a hydrogen storage medium can effectively avoid the cumbersome processes of hydrogen liquefaction and compression,thereby achieving efficient utilization of hydrogen energy.The principles of hydrogen production from formic acid were elucidated and the latest research advancements of catalysts in this field were reviewed,including supported heterogeneous catalyst systems and homogeneous catalyst systems comprising precious and non-precious metals.The current development status of skid-mounted formic acid hydrogen production systems and skid-mounted formic acid hydrogen production-fuel cell power generation systems were summarized.Their potential application directions were discussed,and a concept of zero-carbon cycle based on green formic acid hydrogen production was proposed.