老年脑梗死患者跌倒预防知识-信念-行为潜在类别及影响因素分析

Latent profiles and the influencing factors of knowledge,attitude and practice of fall prevention in elderly patients with cerebral infarction

目的探讨老年脑梗死患者跌倒预防知识-信念-行为(knowledge,attitude and practice,KAP)的潜在类别及其影响因素。方法选取2022年1月-2023年6月滨州医学院附属医院神经内科收治的老年脑梗死患者231例作为调查对象,采用基本情况问卷、领悟社会支持量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、中国版日常生活活动能力量表、老年病人参与跌倒预防知信行量表对其进行调查,采用Mplus 8.3软件对其跌倒预防KAP进行潜在剖面分析,并分析不同类别的老年脑梗死患者KAP的影响因素。结果老年脑梗死患者跌倒预防KAP得分为(96.48±23.15)分。通过潜在剖面分析,将老年脑梗死患者依据跌倒预防KAP水平分为低KAP型(9.96%)、低知识KAP型(13.85%)、中KAP型(67.97%)和高KAP型(8.22%)。无序多分类Logistic回归结果显示,年龄、文化程度、领悟社会支持、焦虑、抑郁和失能程度是老年脑梗死患者跌倒预防KAP的独立影响因素。结论老年脑梗死患者跌倒预防KAP水平较低,受到年龄、文化程度、领悟社会支持、焦虑、抑郁和失能程度影响,应结合不同跌倒预防KAP类别的老年脑梗死患者进行相应健康教育。

Objective To explore latent profiles and their influencing factors of knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of fall prevention in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Totally 231 elderly patients with cerebral infarction treated in department of neurology of affiliated hospital of Binzhou medical college between January 2022 and June 2023 were selected,and surveyed using a general information questionnaire,perceived social support scale,hospital anxiety depression scale,and Chinese version of activities of daily living scale and elderly inpatients'participation in fall prevention of knowledge,attitude and practice scale.The latent profiles of KAP were analyzed through Mplus 8.3 software.Results The score of KAP was(96.48±23.15)points.By potential profile analysis,elderly cerebral infarction patients were divided into low KAP type(9.96%),low knowledge KAP type(13.85%),medium KAP type(67.97%)and high KAP type(8.22%).The multivariate logistic regression showed that age,educational level,perceptive social support,anxiety,depression and disability were significant factors affecting fall prevention KAP in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.Conclusion The level of fall prevention KAP in elderly patients with cerebral infarction are low,which are affected by age,education level,perceived social support,anxiety,depression and disability degree.Their corresponding health education should be tailored to different categories of fall prevention KAP among elderly CI patients.