清朝对新疆中华民族共同体建设的进路研究

Research on the Approaches of the Construction of Chinese National Community in Xinjiang in Qing Dynasty

清朝作为中国历史上最后一个封建王朝,在新疆开启了多维度的大一统多民族国家建设,实现了从自在到自觉的根本性转变。文章通过新疆建省前后清政府在政治制度、经济建设、法律制度、文化教育、民族交往5个方面的建设考量及政策措施的梳理,分析存在的问题和不足,进而思考近代新疆问题发生的原因,为当前新疆各族人民铸牢中华民族共同体意识,推进“文化润疆”工程和实现新疆伊斯兰教中国化提供历史经验和借鉴。

As the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history,Qing Dynasty started the construction of multi-dimensional unified multi-ethnic state in Xinjiang,and realized the fundamental change from division to unification.This paper analyzes the problems and shortcomings of the Qing government in five aspects:political system,economic construction,legal system,culture and education,and ethnic exchanges by reviewing its construction consideration,its policies and measures before and after the establishment of Xinjiang Province.Then it makes an analysis of the causes of the problems in modern Xinjiang,which provides historical experience and reference for the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to forge a sense of Chinese national community,promote the project of"cultural enrichment of Xinjiang"and realize the Sinicization of Islam in Xinjiang.