基于漂流式海气界面浮标的南大洋海气界面通量观测分析

Observation and Analysis of Air-Sea Interface Flux in the Southern Ocean Based on Drifting Air-Sea Interface Buoy

南大洋的海洋观测设备稀少,是认识南大洋物理过程的主要障碍之一。2019—2020年中国第36次南极考察和2020—2021年中国第37次南极考察期间,“雪龙”号科考船在南大洋一共布放了4套国产漂流式海气界面浮标(Drifting Air-sea Interface Buoy,DrIB)。为检验其在南大洋的海气界面热通量观测质量,本文将观测结果与欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代再分析产品(ECMWF Reanalysis v5,ERA5)进行对比,主要开展了海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)、海表面气温(Surface Air Temperature,SAT)、风速(Wind Speed,WS)、相对湿度(Relative Humidity,RH)、海表面气压(Sea-Level Pressure,SLP)等5种数据变量的分析。在此基础上,使用块体算法计算得到潜热通量(Latent Heat Flux,LHF)和感热通量(Sensible Heat Flux,SHF),再与ERA5再分析数据的通量数据进行对比,并针对这7个物理参量进行了分析。结果表明:4套漂流式海气界面浮标观测数据与相应ERA5再分析数据基本吻合。虽然ERA5再分析数据存在不确定性,但在一定程度上佐证了国产漂流式海气界面浮标基本具备了开展南大洋海气界面通量观测的能力,为未来进一步开展精细化科学观测计划提供了重要参考。

The lack of ocean observations in the Southern Ocean is one of the major obstacles to understanding the physical processes in the Southern Ocean.During the 36th Antarctic Expedition from 2019 to 2020 and the 37th Antarctic Expedition from 2020 to 2021,the Chinese research vessel Xuelong 2 has deployed four sets of DrIBs in the Southern Ocean,In order to verify the quality of the air-sea interface heat flux observations in the Southern Ocean,this paper compares the observation results with the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis vision 5(ERA5),and mainly conducts sea surface temperature(SST)measurements with the ERA5.Five types of data,including SST,sea surface air temperature(SAT),wind speed(WS),relative humidity(RH),sea level pressure(SLP)and so on,were compared with the ERA5.On this basis,latent heat flux(LHF)and sensible heat flux(SHF)were calculated using the block algorithm and then compared with the flux data of the ERA5 reanalysis data and analyzed for these seven physical parameters.The results show that the four sets of drifting air-sea interface buoys are in good agreement with the corresponding ERA5 reanalysis data.Although there are uncertainties in the ERA5 reanalysis data,it confirms to some extent that the indigenous drifting air-sea interface buoys are in principle capable of carrying out air-sea interface flux observations in the Southern Ocean,providing an important reference for the further development of the refined scientific observing programme in the future.