唐山市乐亭县附近海域表层海水与沉积物中重金属污染评价

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Seawater and Surface Sediments in the Sea near Laoting County in Tangshan

为分析人类活动对海洋环境的影响程度,评价潜在重金属污染风险,本文根据2022年5月和9月的调查监测数据对唐山市乐亭县附近海域的表层海水和沉积物中的铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)和砷(As)等重金属污染情况进行分析,表层海水的重金属污染分析采用单项污染物指数法进行分析,沉积物中的污染物采用潜在生态危害指数(Ecological Risk Index,ERI)进行分析。分析结果表明:对于表层海水而言,春季海水中的各重金属污染物浓度符合海水水质标准中的Ⅰ类海水水质的要求,秋季海水除Pb超标外,其余元素也均符合Ⅰ类海水水质要求,表层海水污染主要是由陆源污染物排放、远洋航运和渔船捕捞所致。调查海域表层沉积物的污染水平不高,对生态环境的危害较为轻微,污染类型为轻微污染。沉积物中的污染物防治需要重点关注Cd,秋季还需要注意防范Hg、Cd、Pb的潜在污染风险。

To analyze the extent of human activities on the marine environment and evaluate the potential risk of heavy metal pollution,this article analyzed the situation of heavy metal pollution in the surface and subsurface seawater and sediments near Laoting County,Tangshan City based on monitoring data from May and September 2022.The heavy metal pollution analysis of surface seawater was conducted using the Single Pollution Index method,while pollutants in sediments were analyzed using the potential Ecological Risk Index(ERI).The results show that,for surface seawater,the concentrations of various heavy metal pollutants in spring meet the requirements of Class I seawater quality standards.In autumn,except for Pb exceeding the standard,the other elements also meet the requirements of Class I seawater quality standards.Surface water pollution is mainly caused by land-based pollutants,long-distance shipping,and fishing ac-tivities.The pollution level in the surface sediments of the surveyed area is not high,posing a relatively mild threat to the ecological environment,characterized as mild pollution.Attention should be focused on the control of Cd in sediment pollutants,and in autumn,preventive measures should also be taken against potential pollution risks of Hg,Cd,and Pb.