算计与赋值:现代社会治理中的双重过程

Calculation and Value-Inputing:Two Processes in Modern Social Governance

韦伯所说的社会理性化并不是现代化进程中的唯一趋势。现代化其实还有不同于理性化的另外一个过程,即莱克维茨所说的文化化。与这两个过程相对应的,是两种类型的社会行动,即算计和赋值。二者均是现代化过程中并存的两种行动类型。从算计和赋值的关系看,在前现代社会,往往是赋值压倒算计(赋值错位);而在现代社会,则多半是算计挤压赋值(算计错位)。算计和赋值的关系失衡,会引发各种社会问题。要提高社会治理水平,必须处理好算计和赋值的关系,避免赋值错位和算计错位。从更一般的角度看,算计和赋值的关系可以构成社会学的一个分析框架。

What Max Weber called social rationalization is not the only process of modernization.There is anther process in modernization,which is different from the process of social rationalization,and which is what Andreas Reckwitz called culturalization.Corresponding to these two processes,there are two different types of social actions,namely,calculation and value-innputing.They are co-existing types of social actions in modernization.In terms of the relationship between calculation and value-inputing,it is value-inputing that prevails over calculation in pre-modern societies(i.e.,the dislocation of value-imputing).By contrast,it is calculation that extrudes value-inputing in modern societies(i.e.,the dislocation of calculation).The imbalance of calculation and value-inputing may cause various social problems.For the purpose of enhancement of the level of social governance,it is necessary to deal with the relationship between calculation and value-inputing properly to avoid both the dislocation of calculation and the dislocation of value-inputing.In more general terms,the relationships of calculation and value-inputing can become a socialogical analytic framework.