铀元素微生物地球化学循环研究进展

Research Advances in Microbial Biogeochemical Cycling of Uranium

铀元素是地球上广泛分布的放射性重金属元素之一,其地球化学循环过程受到多种微生物的调控。重点综述了微生物在铀元素形态转化过程中的作用机制,包括还原固定、非还原固定、氧化迁移及非氧化迁移。通过自然环境中铀元素-微生物之间相互作用的探讨,分析了铀元素的迁移、转化和富集机制,从而为铀矿资源勘探开发、放射性含铀废料安全处置及重金属铀污染防治修复提供指导性意见。

Uranium is a widely distributed radioactive heavy metal on Earth,and its geochemical cycling is regulated by various microorganisms.This paper critically reviews the roles of microbes in the transfor mation of uranium species,including reductive immobilization,non-reductive immobilization,oxidative migration,and non-oxidative migration.By exploring the interaction between uranium and microorganisms in natural environments,a profound understanding of uranium migration,transformation,and enrichment mechanisms is achieved,thereby providing guiding insights for the exploration of uranium resources,the safe disposal of radioactive uranium-containing waste,and the remediation of heavy metal uranium pollution.