退役三元锂离子电池正极材料中有价金属的回收与再生研究进展

Research Progress on Recovery and Regeneration of Valuable Metals from Cathode Materials of Spent Ternary Lithium-ion Batteries

退役三元锂离子电池正极材料(NCM)富含Li、Ni、Co、Mn等有价金属,其高效分离与回收对环保至关重要。评价分析了化学沉淀法、溶剂萃取法和电化学沉积法分离溶解态Li、Ni、Co、Mn的工艺原理、条件及效果;根据NCM正极材料的失效机制,对直接再生策略的固态烧结、水热法和锂基共晶熔盐法,以及间接再生策略的共沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法和电化学法的发展现状及优缺点进行了系统评述;总结了锂、镍、钴、锰等有价金属分离与电极材料再生过程中面临的挑战,并提出了改进方向,旨在为退役三元锂离子电池正极材料中有价金属的高效回收利用提供重要指导。

The cathode material of spent ternary lithium-ion battery is rich in valuable metals such as Li,Ni,Co and Mn,and efficient separation and recovery of these metals is crucial for environmental protection.The principles,conditions and effects of chemical precipitation,solvent extraction and electrochemical deposition for the separation of dissolved Li,Ni,Co and Mn are evaluated and analyzed.According to the failure mechanism of NCM cathode material,the development status,advantages and disadvantages of direct regeneration strategy of solid-state sintering,hydrothermal method and lithium based eutectic molten salt method,and indirect regeneration strategy of coprecipitation method,sol-gel method and electrochemical method are systematically reviewed.The challenges faced in the separation of valuable metals such as lithium,nickel,cobalt and manganese and the recycling of electrode materials are summarized,and the improvement direction is put forward to provide important guidance for the efficient recycling of valuable metals in the cathode materials of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries.