改性吸附法处理重金属废水的研究进展

Treatment of Heavy Metal Wastewater by Modified Adsorption Method

重金属离子具有毒性强、持久性、易迁移性、生物富集性、不可降解性等特点,目前重金属废水的治理已成为全球环境研究的热点。改性吸附法即对吸附剂表面进行改造、结构修饰、引入活性基团或与其它成分进行接枝、杂化,以使吸附剂的比表面积增大、吸附活性位点增加,具有高吸附性能、良好的选择性、较强的稳定性、可循环利用等特点。改性吸附已成为处理重金属最有效的方法之一。综述了近年来各类改性吸附剂的研究进展及主要吸附机理,分析了其存在的优劣势并提出了未来可能的发展趋势。

Heavy metal ions have the characteristics of strong toxicity,persistence,easy migration,biological enrichment and non-degradation.At present,the treatment of heavy metal wastewater has become a hotspot of global environmental research.Modified adsorption method is to transform the surface of adsorbent,structure,introduce active groups or branch and other components,so as to increase the specific surface area of adsorbent,increase the adsorption active site,with high adsorption performance,good selectivity,strong stability,recycling and other characteristics.Modified adsorption has become one of the most effective methods to deal with heavy metals.The research progress and main adsorption mechanism of various modified adsorbent were summarized,the advantages and disadvantages were analyzed,and the difficulties and future development trend were discussed.