胜利油田化学剂对原油破乳脱水的影响及破乳剂筛选分析

The Influence of Chemical Agents on Crude Oil Demulsification and Dehydration in Shengli Oilfield and the Screening Analysis of Demulsifiers

原油含水带来了很大的危害,在提炼和运输过程中,会增加设备负荷、增加燃油消耗。由于水中含有盐分,容易导致设备和管道结垢和腐蚀。因此,面对水的影响,石油干燥是一个重要的问题。在胜利油田,重点研究了化学药剂对石油破乳和脱水的影响,并对三种不同类型的破乳剂进行了试验。最终比较结果显示:聚合醇、正电胶和土酸对石油破乳和脱水有一定的抑制效果,其中土酸、正电胶和聚合醇对石油破乳和脱水的抑制效果较好。结果表明,盐酸能加速石油的破乳性和干燥性。AR134在添加0.5%聚合醇、2%正电胶后制得的乳化油中,其破乳和脱水性能符合设计要求。AE1910在添加了0.5%聚合乙醇的石油乳化液中进行了破乳和脱水试验,结果表明AE1910的破乳和脱水性能达到了预期的指标。此外,加入化学药剂后,乳化液的失水速率降低,出水呈黄色、浑浊,表面粗糙,有黏附、破乳效果不理想等问题。比较了几种破乳剂的脱水效率,结果表明:AR134的脱水效率最佳,可以选择AR134作为破乳剂。

The presence of water in crude oil poses significant hazards,as it increases equipment load and fuel consumption during the refining and transportation processes.Due to the presence of salt in water,it is easy to cause scaling and corrosion of equipment and pipelines.Therefore,in the face of the influence of water,oil drying is an important issue.In Shengli Oilfield,the influence of chemical agents on oil demulsification and dehydration was studied,and experiments were conducted on three different types of demulsifiers.The final comparison results show that polyols,positively charged gels,and polyacids have certain inhibitory effects on petroleum emulsion breaking and dehydration,among which polyacids,positively charged gels,and polyols have better inhibitory effects on petroleum emulsion breaking and dehydration.The results indicate that hydrochloric acid can accelerate the demulsification and drying properties of petroleum.In the emulsified oil prepared by adding 0.5%polyol and 2%positively charged gel,the emulsion breaking and dehydration performance of AR134 meets the design requirements.AE1910 was subjected to demulsification and dehydration tests in a petroleum emulsion containing 0.5%polymerized ethanol,and the results showed that the demulsification and dehydration performance of AE1910 met the expected indicators.In addition,after adding chemical agents,the water loss rate of the emulsion decreases,and the effluent appears yellow and turbid,with a rough surface and poor adhesion and emulsion breaking effects.The dehydration efficiency of several demulsifiers was compared,and the results showed that AR134 had the best dehydration efficiency.Therefore,AR134 can be selected as the demulsifier.