生态系统服务供需关系评估的几点思考

Some critical thinking on the integrative assessment of ecosystem service supply and demand relationships

过去十多年,生态系统服务供需关系研究方兴未艾。为提高生态系统服务供需关系评估的科学性及应用价值,针对当前部分研究中存在的供需概念、方法及结果的误用等问题,本文提出了生态系统服务供需关系评估中需要着重考虑的5个方面。首先,需要厘清生态系统服务供需相关概念的区别与联系,这是供需关系评估的重要前提与出发点;其次,需要结合相关环境标准或政策目标,为生态系统调节服务构建相对可靠的需求评估方法;再者,需要明确生态系统服务供需关系评估的最适空间尺度及单元,处理好可塑面积单元问题;此外,需要区分定量或定性方法分别表征生态系统服务供需的数量或匹配关系,尤其要避免采用定性方法表征供需之间的定量关系;最后,需要在供需关系评估中整合生态系统服务流,从“供-流-需”耦合视角评估区域生态系统服务的动态供需关系。

In the past decade,research on the relationships between the supply and demand of ecosystem services has been flourishing.To address issues such as the misuse of supply and demand concepts,methods,and results in current research,we proposed five key aspects that need to be considered to enhance the scientific rigor and practi-cal value in assessing relationships between ecosystem service supply and demand.Firstly,it is essential to clarify the distinctions and connections between the concepts related to ecosystem service supply and demand,which are crucial prerequisites and starting points for assessing their relationships.Secondly,it is necessary to integrate rele-vant environmental standards or policy objectives to develop reliable methods for assessing the demand for ecosystem regulating services.Furthermore,it is important to properly address the modifiable areal unit problem by determi-ning the most appropriate spatial scale and unit for evaluating relationships between ecosystem service supply and demand.Additionally,it is crucial to differentiate between quantitative and qualitative methods for characterizing(im)balances or(mis)matches between ecosystem service supply and demand,particularly avoiding the use of qualitative methods to represent quantitative relationships between supply and demand.Lastly,it is imperative to in-tegrate ecosystem service flows into the assessment of supply and demand relationships,and evaluate the dynamic supply and demand relationships of regional ecosystem services from a coupled“supply-flow-demand”perspective.