尿道中段吊带超声特征与临床结局的关系

Association Between Ultrasonography Signs of Midurethral Sling and Clinical Outcome

目的通过研究尿道中段吊带(MUS)超声特征与MUS术后膀胱颈和尿道移动度的关系,探索可衡量MUS生物力学作用的超声参数,并分析其与临床结局的关系。资料与方法回顾性分析2017年9月—2022年7月中南大学湘雅二医院接受MUS手术及术后门诊随访患者的临床和超声影像资料。根据临床结局,将患者分为压力性尿失禁(SUI)治愈、SUI复发和术后排尿困难(VD)3组。使用经会阴盆底超声测量患者膀胱颈移动度、尿道节段移动度、MUS位置、最大Valsalva动作期间的吊带耻骨间距(SPG),比较3组患者的超声评估结果,分析吊带超声特征(MUS位置、SPG)与膀胱颈移动度、尿道节段移动度及临床结局的关系。结果共获得117例有效数据,中位随访时间为10(6,18)个月。临床诊断SUI治愈44例(37.6%)、SUI复发46例(39.3%)、术后VD 27例(23.1%)。117例患者SPG 4.7~23.0 mm,平均(12.0±3.5)mm,MUS位置为33%~75%,平均53%。SUI治愈组和术后VD组的MUS位置差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SUI复发组较SUI治愈组的MUS位置离膀胱颈更远[(56±11)%比(49±10)%,P=0.003]、SPG更宽[(13.9±3.7)mm比(11.2±2.7)mm,P<0.001]。MUS的超声评估参数(MUS位置和SPG)与膀胱颈移动度无显著相关性(r=-0.138~0.205,P均≥0.05)。MUS位置和SPG与尿道中段活动度相关(MUS位置与点2与点3,r=0.322、0.322,P均<0.01;SPG与点3~6,r=0.288~0.434,P均<0.01):MUS位置越靠近尿道远端,尿道中段移动度越高;SPG测值越大,尿道中段移动度越高。Logistic回归显示,SPG与SUI复发呈正相关(OR=1.401,95%CI 1.189~1.652,P<0.001),与术后VD呈负相关(OR=0.755,95%CI 0.627~0.909,P=0.003)。结论Valsalva动作期间的SPG可用于衡量MUS的松紧程度。SPG测值越大,MUS越松弛,术后SUI复发的可能性越大,术后VD发生的风险越小。

Purpose To study the association between ultrasonography signs of midurethral sling(MUS)and postoperative bladder neck mobility,and urethral segmental mobility,to explore ultrasound parameters that measure the biomechanical effects of MUS and to analyze the relationship between them and the clinical outcomes.Materials and Methods This was a retrospective analysis of the clinical material and ultrasound imaging data of the patients who underwent MUS surgery and had postoperative clinic follow-up in the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,from September 2017 to July 2022.According to the surgical outcome,all patients were divided into three groups:stress urinary incontinence(SUI)cure group,SUI recurrence group and postoperative voiding dysfunction(VD)group.Bladder neck mobility,urethral segmental mobility,MUS position,and sling-pubic gap(SPG)during maximal Valsalva manoeuvre were measured by pelvic floor ultrasound.Ultrasound results among the three groups were compared,respectively.The relationships between ultrasound signs of the sling(MUS position and SPG),bladder neck and urethral mobility,and the surgical outcomes were analyzed,respectively.Results A total of 117women had valid data.The median follow-up interval was 10(6,18)months.On clinical examination and diagnosis,44 women(37.6%)had cured SUI,46(39.3%)had recurrence SUI,and 27(23.1%)had postoperative VD.The mean SPG of the 117 slings was(12.0±3.5)mm(range 4.7 to 23.0 mm),and the mean position of the MUS was the 53%(range 33%-75%).There was no significant difference in MUS position and SPG between the SUI cured group and the postoperative VD group(P>0.05).The SUI recurrence group had farther MUS position[(56±11)%vs.(49±10)%,P=0.003]relative to the bladder neck and wider SPG[(13.9±3.7)mm vs.(11.2±2.7)mm,P<0.001]than SUI cure group.No significant correlation was found between the ultrasound signs of MUS(MUS position and SPG)and bladder neck mobility(r=-0.138-0.205,all P≥0.05).MUS position and SPG were correlated with midurethral mobility(MUS position vs.point 2 and 3,r=0.322,0.322,both P<0.01;SPG vs.point 3 to 6,r=0.288-0.434,all P<0.01):the closer the MUS position was relative to the distal urethra,the higher the midurethral mobility.The wider the SPG,the higher the midurethral mobility.Logistic regression showed a positive correlation between SPG and SUI recurrence with an odds ratio(OR)of 1.401(95%CI 1.189-1.652,P<0.001),and a negative correlation with postoperative VD with an OR of 0.755(95%CI 0.627-0.909,P=0.003).Conclusion SPG during the Valsalva manoeuvre can be used to measure the tightness of MUS.The larger the measured value of SPG,with the looser the MUS,the greater the likelihood of postoperative SUI recurrence,and the lower the risk of postoperative VD.