大同说下存伦何以可能?——康有为三世说下的人伦观申论

How Is Human Ethics Possible Under the Theory of Datong——On Kang Youwei’s View of Human Ethics Under the Theory of Three Eras

康有为改造了董仲舒、何休、郑玄等汉儒的三世说和人伦观。汉儒认为三世皆五伦俱全,而康有为认为据乱世、升平世五伦俱全,太平世无人伦。终极的太平世之前有无量的升平世,且二者之间有质的区别。康有为的人为天生说和性善说是其大同说的理论基础,二说之间的张力决定了大同只能存在于观念中,现实世界永恒地处于升平世,那么升平世中的人伦也将永恒地存在。通过这种曲形路线,康有为的大同说为保存人伦提供了可能,重新确立了孔子之法为万世法。

Kang Youwei made an overall transformation of Han Dynasty’s Confucianists’theory of three eras.The Han Dynasty’s Confucianists held the view that all three eras had all human relations,but in Kang Youwei’s view,while the Juluan era and the Shengping era had all human relations,the Taiping era did not have any human relation.However,the internal tension of Kang Youwei’s theory determines that the Taiping era is a distant and impossible ideal,and the real world will stay in the Shengping era forever.By this way,Kang Youwei laid a new foundation for the legitimacy of human relations,thus establishing Confucius’law as the law of all eras.