英国利兹大学布劳瑟顿图书馆清代广州贸易新史料的发现——乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》档案校注

Discovery of New Historical Materials about Guangzhou Trade in the Qing Dynasty at the University of Leeds Brotherton Library,UK:The Annotation and Examination of The General Book of Imported Cargoes of Foreign Ships of Various Countries in the 42nd Year of Emperor Qianlong’s Reign

乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》为笔者在英国利兹大学布劳瑟顿图书馆发现的清代广州贸易中文档案。现将档案全文与英国东印度公司档案BL:IOR/G/12/62,Imports Canton 1777进行勘比,进而对上述中文档案的有关史料进行考证和笺注。经过比对,笔者推断乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》与英国东印度公司档案中公布的1777年“各欧洲国家进口广州货物记录”均系抄自粤海关的原始数据,二者有共同来源。此外,这份中文档案不仅能完整反映乾隆四十二年广州进口贸易的具体情况,还能为研究西文商品名称的汉译提供绝佳参照。

The General Book of Imported Cargoes of Foreign Ships of Various Countries is a Chinese account of the Guangzhou trade in the Qing dynasty discovered by the author in the Brotherton Library of the University of Leeds,UK.In this article,the full text of the account will be compared with the British East India Company’s file BL:IOR/G/12/62-Imports Canton 1777,which will be examined and annotated with relevant historical materials from the aforementioned Chinese account.By comparison,the author concludes that The General Book of the 42nd year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign and the Record of Goods Imported into Canton by Various European Countries appearing in the East India Company’s archives in 1777 were copied from the original data of the Canton Hoppo,and both had the same source.In addition,this Chinese account not only completely reflects the specific situation of Guangzhou’s import trade in the 42nd year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign,but also provides an excellent reference for the study of the Chinese translation of Western cargo names.