晚明耶稣会龙华民传教策略的形成和发展

Formation and Development of Nicolas Longobardi’s Missionary Strategy During the Late Ming Dynasty

本文根据晚明在华耶稣会保守主义的实际历史状况、形成和发展的过程展开论述,再现了龙华民在广东韶州的传教策略。龙华民在韶州民间传教的经历为后来以儒家士大夫为主要传教对象的耶稣会利玛窦传教策略向平民阶层转换提供了经验。换言之,译名礼仪保守策略、信仰的纯粹性固守、乐观论的直接传教工作、平民归化运动等耶稣会文化传教策略,基本上是初期韶州灵性神学的平民传教经验的延伸。龙华民福音保守传教策略是从恢复教会的纯洁性和信仰完整性的角度出发,向着探索与利玛窦文化适应策略的动态均衡的方向发展,从客观上增加了信教人数。

This paper develops an argument based on the actual historical status of Jesuit conservatism in China in the late Ming dynasty and the process of its formation and development,demonstrating Longobardi’s missionary strategy in Shaozhou,Guangdong.The experience of Longobardi’s folk mission in there provide reference for Jesuit Ricci missionary strategy oriented to the lower-class,and later to Confucian officialdom.In other words,the Society of Jesuits’non-accommodation policies,for instance the conservative course of the Chinese Rites Controversy,the fixation on the purity of faith,the direct missionary work of optimism,and the naturalization movement of the common people,were essentially an extension of the lower-class missionary experience.With the aim to restore the purity of the church and the integrity of the faith,Longobardi’s evangelical conservative course evolved in the direction of finding a dynamic equilibrium with Ricci’s cultural accommodation course,and the number of converts was objectively increased.