19世纪汉法、法汉辞书的出版研究

A Study of the Publication of Chinese-French and French-Chinese Dictionaries Compiled in the 19th Century

汉法、法汉辞书的编纂始于东来耶稣会士。19世纪法国出版了第一部由法国人编纂并由法国政府出资的小德金编纂的《汉法拉词典》。此后,汉法、法汉辞书编纂工作如火如荼地展开,特别是从19世纪40年代起,此类型辞书的出版呈现出稳步增长态势,并从19世纪90年代起出现一个出版高峰期。19世纪,汉法、法汉辞书不仅在出版数量方面有了大幅度增长,而且在辞书规格、汉字印刷技术等方面也有了长足进步。在法国汉学家的帮助下,欧洲汉字印刷技术快速发展:从最初困难重重的汉字印刷发展到后来法国皇家印刷局铸字部主管勒格朗的汉字拼合金属活字。汉字印刷技术的进步使汉法辞书的规格开始多样化,特别是小型辞书的面世,携带方便,扩大了辞书的使用群体。

The compilation of Chinese-French and French-Chinese dictionaries was first done by the Jesuits who had returned from China.In the 19th century,France published Dictionnaire Chinois-françaislatin,the first of its kind compiled by the French and funded by the French government.Then the compilation of Chinese-French and French-Chinese dictionaries was in full swing.Especially after the 1840s,the publication of dictionaries showed a steady growth and reached its peak in the 1890s.In the 19th century,Chinese-French and French-Chinese dictionaries not only saw a substantial increase in the number of publications,but also progress in terms of dictionary specifications and Chinese character printing technology.With the help of French Sinologists,Chinese character printing technology in Europe developed rapidly:from the initial difficulty in Chinese character printing to the later development of Chinese-character metal movable type by Legrand,head of the casting department of the French Royal Printing Bureau.The progress of Chinese character printing technology diversified the specifications of Chinese-French dictionaries,especially the publication of small dictionaries,which,convenient to carry,contributed to the expansion of the user group of dictionaries.