中美化学领域高被引科学家特征分析与比较

Characterization and Comparison of Highly Cited Researchers in Chemistry in China and the United States

[目的/意义]通过国内外化学领域高被引科学家样本,分析顶尖科技人才的特征,为了解科学家成长规律提供参考。[方法/过程]以中、美2019—2021年入选科睿唯安化学领域“全球高被引科学家”的科学家为研究对象,从多源信息挖掘构建高被引科学家个人信息数据库,从年龄特征、教育经历、流动经历三大角度对高被引科学家进行深度比较分析。[结果/结论]相较于美国,中国化学高被引科学家平均年龄年轻8.74岁,但其影响力的延续性平均低于美国科学家1.53年;高被引科学家的高等教育专业培养奠定了其研究基础,98.4%的两国化学高被引科学家具有博士学位,大部分科学家毕业于国内外知名高校;46.07%的高被引科学家未曾发生过工作机构的变动,展现出一定的“固定化”特征等。

[Purpose/Significance]This article selects highly cited researchers in chemistry at home and abroad as samples,analyzes their characteristics,and provides reference for understanding the growth pattern of scientists.[Method/Process]Taking scientists selected as“Global Highly Cited Researchers”by Clarivate in chemistry China and the United States from 2019 to 2021 as the research object,the article constructed a database of the highly cited researchers from multi-source information mining,and conducted a comparative analysis on them from age characteristics,education experience,and mobility experience.[Result/Conclusion]Compared with the United States,the average age of Chinese highly cited researchers in chemistry is 8.74 years younger,but the continuity of their influence is 1.53 years lower than that of the U.S.scientists.The higher education of these researchers lays the foundation for their research,98.4%of the have a doctoral degree,and most of them have graduated from well-known colleges and universities at home and abroad,46.07%of them have never changed their work institutions,with a certain“fixed”characteristics.