粗毛纤孔菌的营养及活性成分分析

Nutritional value and active components of Inonotus hispidus

【背景】桑黄具有多糖、甾醇、三萜和总酚等活性成分,并体现出良好的抗氧化、清除自由基、增强免疫力、抗肿瘤等药用价值。粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)是桑黄的一种。目前,有关粗毛纤孔菌的营养成分分析的报道较少。【目的】探究粗毛纤孔菌的营养价值及活性成分含量。【方法】探究MS-5子实体(金黄)、MS-5子实体(黑色)和MS-9子实体(金黄)的基本营养、活性成分含量及农药重金属残留情况,与灵芝进行对比,分析差异。【结果】三种粗毛纤孔菌子实体的蛋白含量和灰分含量均显著高于灵芝,蛋白质和灰分含量分别是灵芝的1.96−2.20倍和3.69−5.66倍;粗毛纤孔菌子实体含有的7种人体必需氨基酸均高于灵芝,并且必需氨基酸含量最高的MS-9子实体(金黄)是灵芝的2.28倍,是鸡蛋的1.62倍。三种粗毛纤孔菌子实体的多糖含量和总酚及总黄酮含量均高于灵芝,分别是灵芝的1.48−1.56、3.42−5.70和3.67−4.83倍;此外,粗毛纤孔菌子实体农药及重金属残留均低于国家标准。【结论】粗毛纤孔菌具有优良的营养价值和富有前景的药用价值且绿色安全,为其药用开发提供科学基础。

[Background]The Chinese medicine Sanghuang contains active components such as polysaccharides,sterols,triterpenoids,and total phenols,exhibiting exceptional medicinal values including antioxidant,free radical-scavenging,immune-enhancing,and anti-tumor properties.Inonotus hispidus is a type of Sanghuang.Currently,there are limited research reports on the nutrient composition of I.hispidus.[Objective]To explore the nutritional value and content of active components in I.hispidus.[Methods]The levels of basic nutrients,active components,and pesticide and heavy metal residues were measured in the golden-colored MS-5 fruiting bodies,black MS-5 fruiting bodies,and golden-colored MS-9 fruiting bodies of I.hispidus and compared the measured results with those in the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum.[Results]The protein content and ash content in the three types of I.hispidus fruiting bodies increased by 1.96–2.20 times and 3.69–5.66 times compared with that of G.lucidum,respectively.The fruiting bodies of I.hispidus contained seven essential amino acids required by the human body.Moreover,the MS-9(golden)fruiting bodies had the highest level of essential amino acids,which was 2.28 times and 1.62 times of that in G.lucidum and eggs,respectively.The content of polysaccharides,total phenols,and total flavonoids in the three types of I.hispidus fruiting bodies was 1.48–1.56,3.42–5.70,and 3.67–4.83 times of that in G.lucidum,respectively.Furthermore,the levels of pesticide and heavy metal residues in I.hispidus fruiting bodies were below the national standards.[Conclusion]This study demonstrates that I.hispidus has a remarkable nutritional value and and promising medicinal value,as well as being safe and environmentally friendly,providing a scientific basis for its medicinal development.