基于鱼类生物完整性指数的丹江口水库水生态健康评价

Water Ecological Health Evaluation of Danjiangkou Reservoir Based on Fish Biological Integrity Index

运用鱼类生物完整性指数针对丹江口水库(河南)的水生态系统健康状况予以评估,旨在为该水库的生态修复、渔业资源的可持续发展以及管理提供科学支撑。2023年秋季(11月)、2024年冬季(1月)、春季(4月)以及夏季(6月),统一采用刺网与地笼开展鱼类资源采捕,总计捕获鱼类55种,分属于8目12科38属。从鱼类的种类构成与丰度、繁殖同位群以及营养结构等层面,遴选出适用于该水库鱼类生物完整性(Fish index of biological integrity,F-IBI)评价的指标体系,并依据此评价指标体系计算F-IBI。结果表明:丹江口水库(河南)的F-IBI得分为42,其完整性等级为“一般”,体现出该水库水生态的健康现状。建议实施面源污染控制以及基于生态系统保护的渔业管理,以促进丹江口水库生态系统健康恢复。

The fish biological integrity index is used to evaluate the health status of the aquatic ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir(Henan),aiming to provide scientific support for the ecological restoration,sustainable development of fishery resources,and management of the reservoir.In the autumn of 2023(November),winter of 2024(January),spring of 2024(April),and summer of 2024(June),a total of 55 species of fish belonging to 8 orders,12 families,and 38 genera were captured using gill nets and ground cages.An indicator system suitable for evaluating the Fish Index of Biological Integrity(F-IBI)of fish species in the reservoir from the aspects of species composition and abundance,reproductive niche,and nutritional structure was adopted,calculating F-IBI based on this evaluation indicator system.The results show that the F-IBI score of Danjiangkou Reservoir(Henan)is 42,and its integrity level is"average",reflecting the healthy status of the water ecology of the reservoir.It is recommended to implement non-point source pollution control and fisheries management based on ecosystem protection to promote the restoration of the ecosystem health of Danjiangkou Reservoir.