王阳明“心”概念中的“气质心”要素

The Essential Element of Mind-heart in Wang Yangming's Concept of Xin

王阳明的心概念是一个包含气、质、理三种要素的复合型概念,但在其使用中,却对它在当下语境中所指称的对象不加限定与说明,导致了时贤的诸多误解与批评。通过理性建构的方法可以构造出一个“气质心”概念,这一概念与朱子哲学中“心”概念的内涵相同,指称具体的生命存在。仁发生于气质心的活动中,由于“气”活泼泼而无限隔,因此,具有超越于形体的能力。主体能够通过扩充的方式将承载着知觉的生气推出形体之外,进而与生存处境中的物乃至天地万物产生“血脉”联结,此即“万物一体”。气质心是人类生存的自然性本源,其活动的合法性来自天理的贞定。

Wang Yangming's concept of Xin is a composite concept that encompasses three elements:Spirit,Body,and Principle.However,in its usage,he did not limit or specify the objects to which it referred in the current context,leading to numerous misunderstandings and criticisms from his contemporaries.Through rational construction,a concept of Mind-heart can be constructed.This concept has the same connotation as the concept of Xin in Zhu Xi's philosophy,referring to specific aspects of life existence.Benevolence arises from the activities of the Mind-heart because Spirit is lively and infinite,enabling it to transcend the body.The subject can push the living Spirit that carries perception out of the body through expansion,and then establish a"blood relationship"with things,even everything in the world,which is called The Oneness of All Things.Mind-heart is the natural origin of human existence activities,and the legitimacy of its activities comes from the restriction of Principle.