儿童哮喘起病年龄相关影响因素分析

Analysis of factors affecting the onset age of asthma in children

目的:探讨影响儿童哮喘起病年龄的相关因素。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选取2020年9月至2022年9月于济南市儿童医院就诊的412例哮喘儿童(年龄0~18岁)作为研究对象,采用哮喘流行病学调查问卷收集研究对象相关信息,内容包括基本信息、首次喘息年龄、确诊哮喘年龄、生产喂养史、生活环境资料、既往病史、家族过敏史等。采用多因素logistic回归分析影响儿童哮喘起病年龄的危险因素。结果:412例研究对象中起病年龄≤3岁者有208例(50.5%),起病年龄>3岁者有204例(49.5%)。多因素logistic回归分析发现,家庭吸烟(OR=0.635,95%CI:0.411~0.983)、1~3个月1次枕芯清洗(OR=2.352,95%CI:1.223~4.524)、3~6个月1次枕芯清洗(OR=3.016,95%CI:1.244~7.310)、肉食为主(OR=0.427,95%CI:0.195~0.933)、胎次分期G2P2(OR=0.276,95%CI:0.151~0.507)、胎次分期G3P3及以上(OR=0.357,95%CI:0.159~0.800)、父亲患有哮喘(OR=0.321,95%CI:0.118~0.875)是影响哮喘起病年龄的重要因素。结论:本研究揭示了包括家庭吸烟状况、父亲的哮喘状况、枕芯的清洗频率、胎次分期及饮食习惯等因素均影响儿童哮喘的起病年龄,为预防和早期干预儿童哮喘提供了依据。

Objective:This study aims to explore the factors influencing the age of onset in children with asthma.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 412 pediatric asthma patients(aged 0-18 years)treated at Ji’nan Children’s Hospital between September 2020 and September 2022.Data were gathered through an asthma epidemiological questionnaire,which included information on basic demographics,age at first wheezing episode,age at asthma diagnosis,birth and feeding history,environmental factors,medical history,and family history of allergies.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors influencing the age of asthma onset in children.Results:The study included 412 children,of whom 208(50.5%)experienced asthma onset at or before the age of 3,while 204(49.5%)experienced onset after the age of 3.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several significant factors influencing the age of asthma onset:household smoking(OR=0.635,95%CI:0.411-0.983),cleaning the pillow core every 1-3 months(OR=2.352,95%CI:1.223-4.524),cleaning the pillow core every 3-6 months(OR=3.016,95%CI:1.244-7.310),predominantly meat-based diet(OR=0.427,95%CI:0.195-0.933),parity stage G2P2(OR=0.276,95%CI:0.151-0.507),parity stage G3P3 or higher(OR=0.357,95%CI:0.159-0.800),and having a father with asthma(OR=0.321,95%CI:0.118-0.875).Conclusion:This study identified household smoking,paternal asthma,frequency of pillow cleaning,parity stage,and dietary habits as significant factors influencing the onset age of childhood asthma,offering valuable insights for the prevention and early intervention of the disease.