我国煤层水害基本架构及发展情势

The basic structure and development situation of coal seam water disaster in China

为了解决煤炭资源安全高效开发过程中面临的煤层水害问题,基于近20余年间煤层水害事故的统汇分析,提出了“隐蔽突水致灾因素”萌生、煤层水害“三要素”定型、多要素耦合孕灾、突破临界状态激发灾变和灾变后负效应显现等5个煤层水害的主体构成阶段,依据各阶段独立属性特征,将煤层水害概括为顶板水害、底板水害和老空水害3个主类,以及巨厚基岩含水层高势能涌(淋)水、岩溶陷落柱导升突水、同位水平空间侧向涌水等11个子类,并对不同类型煤层水害的孕灾致灾诱因、发育发展过程机理、灾变显现特征等进行阐述。最后,对我国煤层水害的未来发展情势做了简要展望和分析。

Coal seam water disaster is one of the main geological disasters against the safe and efficient development of coal resources in China.Based on the collection and analysis of coal seam water disaster accidents in the past 20 years,five main stages of coal seam water disaster were extracted,including the initiation of“hidden water bursting hazard factors”,the finalization of"three elements"of coal seam water disaster,multi-factor coupling disaster,breaking through the critical state to stimulate the disaster and the emergence of negative effects after the disaster.According to the independent attribute characteristics of each stage,the coal seam water disaster was summarized into three main categories:roof water disaster,floor water disaster and goaf water disaster,as well as 11 subcategories such as high potential energy gushing(leaching)water in thick bedrock aquifer,karst collapse column induced water inrush,and horizontal space lateral water inrush,etc.The causes of different types of coal seam water disasters,the mechanism of development and development process,and the characteristics of disaster occurrence were expounded.Finally,the future development situation of coal seam water disaster in China is briefly prospected and analyzed.