煤矿冻结立井井筒机械破岩智能化建设工艺及关键技术分析

Analysis on intelligent construction process and key technologies of mechanicalrock breaking for freezing vertical shaft in coal mines

目前以钻爆法为主的短段掘砌综合凿井技术逐步成熟,煤矿立井建设深度已突破1000 m,逼近1500 m。然而钻爆法凿井依然存在下井作业人员多、作业环境恶劣、作业风险高和设备智能化程度低等现实难题,井筒非爆破破岩智能化建设技术已成为煤矿井筒建设技术发展的重要方向。为探索西部富水软弱地层井筒机械破岩高效智能化建设技术新思路,从井筒建设工艺、地质保障技术、智能钻井装备、协同作业技术4个方面,开展了煤矿冻结井筒机械破岩智能化建设工艺及关键技术分析。基于多工序平行作业快速建井的理念,以地层冻结技术解决地层涌水和软弱地层易失稳的难题,以反井钻机和竖井掘进机为机械破岩钻进的核心装备,提出了冻结井筒机械破岩智能化建设新工艺;提出“冻结+反井钻机钻井+永久支护”的建井工艺,分析了冻结地层反井钻机钻井装备可行性,剖析了冻结地层反井钻机钻井冻结壁控制、扩孔钻进、快速支护等方面的9项关键技术;提出“冻结+竖井掘进机钻井+钻-支平行作业”的建井工艺,分析了冻结地层竖井掘进机钻井装备可行性,剖析了冻结地层竖井掘进机钻井井帮稳定控制、破岩智能钻进和钻支协同作业等方面的9项关键技术,以期推动井筒安全、快速、绿色、智能化建设技术的发展。

At present,the construction of shafts is mainly based on the drilling and blasting method,and the short-section digging and lining technology for shaft sinking is gradually maturing.The depth of shaft construction has exceeded 1000 meters and is approaching 1500 meters.However,the drilling and blasting method for shaft sinking is facing the practical challenges such as multiple operators working underground,harsh working environments,high operational risks,and low levels of equipment intelligence.The intelligent construction technology for non-blasting rock breaking in shafts is a promising direction for the development of coal mine shaft construction technology.In order to explore new ideas for efficient intelligent construction technology for mechanical rock breaking in western water-rich soft ground shafts,research has been conducted on the intelligent construction technology and key technologies of mechanical rock breaking in frozen shafts from four aspects:shaft construction technology,geological support technology,intelligent drilling equipment,and collaborative operation technology.Based on the concept of rapid construction of multiple processes in parallel in the shaft,the problem of groundwater inrush and instability in soft ground is solved by using ground freezing technology.The core equipment for mechanical rock breaking drilling is the raise boring machine and the vertical shaft boring machine,and a new process for intelligent construction of mechanical rock breaking in frozen shafts is proposed.The shaft construction process of“freezing+raise boring+permanent support”is proposed,the feasibility of using raise boring machines for drilling in frozen strata is analyzed,and nine key technologies related to frozen wall control,reaming drilling,and rapid support in raise boring machines drilling in frozen strata are discussed.The shaft construction process of“freezing+shaft heading machine drilling+drilling-supporting parallel operation”is proposed,the feasibility of using vertical shaft boring machines for drilling in frozen strata is analyzed,and nine key technologies related to wellbore stability control,intelligent rock breaking drilling,and drilling and support coordination in vertical shaft boring machines drilling in frozen strata are discussed,with the aim of promoting the development of safe,fast,green,and intelligent construction technology for frozen shafts.