矿井离层水致灾机理及防治技术研究进展

Research progress on hazard mechanism and prevention measures ofwater in mine separated bed

针对矿井离层水研究过程中遇到的突水征兆不明显、瞬时水量大、滞后性、周期性突水等问题,从覆岩移动离层水的形成、致灾机理、防治技术、监测预警等方面总结了离层水的研究进展。首先,离层水害是采动影响下采场覆岩运动和地下水运移的耦合结果,通过挖掘突水事故的表现、覆岩结构及运动特征、地下水运移规律及相关研究现状,总结得到离层水形成基本条件和发育的基本规律,分析了突水引发溃泥溃砂、瓦斯涌出、切顶压架等次生灾害的机制。其次,离层垂向和水平位置预测是离层水害防治的关键,在此基础上,介绍了地面直通式泄水孔、离层注浆充填、井下截流孔、井下导流孔和地面抽排水孔5种离层水的防治方法,并结合工程实际,分析了其特点和问题。最后,利用岩层的岩性组合及地质条件评价离层突水危险性,同时结合回采过程中的多物理场监测数据实现了离层水害的预警,并提出了离层水研究过程中亟待解决的问题。

Due to its characteristics of unclear water bursting signs,large instantaneous water volume,hysteresis,periodic water bursting,etc,the research progress in the formation,hazard mechanism,prevention and control technology,monitoring and warning of separated bed water is systematically summarized.Separated bed water disaster is the coupling result of stope overburden movement and groundwater movement under the influence of mining.Through the performance of water bursting accidents,the structure and movement characteristics of overburden,the groundwater movement law and the relevant research status,the basic conditions and development rules of separation water are summarized.The mechanism of water bursting causes secondary disasters such as mud and sand collapse,gas emission,and cutting roof cutting support crashing.The vertical and horizontal position prediction of separated bed water is the key to the control of separated bed water disaster.On this basis,five control methods of separated bed water hazard are introduced:surface straight-through water discharge hole,separated bed grouting filling,underground closure hole and underground diversion hole,surface drainage hole.The characteristics and problems are analyzed combining with the engineering practice.The separated bed water hazard risk is evaluated by the lithology combination and geological conditions of the rock strata,the early warning can be realized based on the monitoring data of muti physical fields,and the problems to be solved in the study of separated bed water are put forward.