伦敦的越界想象:《达洛维夫人》中的文学绘图

Transgressive Imagination of London:Literary Cartography in Mrs.Dalloway

弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的文学地理学注重物质和精神合一,将旅行与地图合体,最终统一于文学绘图。《达洛维夫人》的文学绘图主要表现为三幅认知图式,蕴涵动态的情感体验和对伦敦“越界性”的想象。在“房间—街道”意象图式中,女性和男性在稳定性与流动性双重体验之间斡旋徘徊,实现性别的越界;在“威斯敏斯特区—伦敦东区”路线图式中,贵族阶级和平民阶级在敌意与好客双重体验之间双向往返,呈现阶级的越界;在“英帝国—他国”概观图式中,伦敦人和他者在中心化与全球化双重体验之间协商交流,凸显民族的越界。藉由伦敦地图的流动性、方向性与整体性,伍尔夫缔造了不同性别、不同阶级、不同民族共同在场的“越界状态”,传递出性别、地方、帝国焦虑下的纾解欲望,表达对文化本质主义的批判和对多元文化主义的认同。

Virginia Woolf s literary geography fixates on the integration of materials and spirits and the coupling of travels and maps,which befits her literary cartography.The literary cartography in Mrs.Dalloway can be crystallized into three cognitive schemas which contain dynamic emotional experiences and Woolf s imagination of London s“transgressivity”.In the image schema of“room-street”,females and males oscillate between the dual experiences of stability and mobility,actualizing the transgressivity of gender;in the route map of“Westminster-East End of London”,aristocratic classes and civilian classes roam back and forth in the bi-directions between the dual experiences of hostility and hospitality,showcasing the transgressivity of class;and in the survey mapping of“British empire-other nations”,Londoners and foreigners negotiate between the dual experiences of centralization and globalization,highlighting the transgressivity of nations.Via the liquidity,directionality,and globality of London map,Woolf fabricates a“transgressive state”in which different genders,classes,and nations coexist together,thus evincing her desire to alleviate the anxiety of gender,place,and empire,and emanating her critique of cultural essentialism as well as her recognition of multiculturalism.