战后日本产业复苏历程及日美贸易摩擦研究

Research on the recovery of Japan’s industry after the war and the trade friction between Japan and the United States

二战后,在美国的扶持下,日本结合自身资源禀赋和比较优势,制定了一系列产业政策,推动经济复苏和高速发展。在这一过程中,美国对日本贸易逆差持续扩大,两国在多个领域发生贸易摩擦并不断升级。本文从产业视角出发,分析了日本经济复苏历程及产业结构变化情况,以及不同发展阶段应对贸易保护主义的措施、效果和启示。研究发现,面对与美国的贸易摩擦,日本多以实施自愿出口约束而妥协告终。面对由此产生的出口份额下降,日本通过政府补贴消化处理过剩产能,并推动产业向技术密集型转型升级。同时,日本将劳动密集型产业向发展中国家转移,加大对目标市场的海外投资份额,提高相关产品的本土化生产和销售比例,以应对贸易摩擦所产生的冲击。通过分析日美贸易摩擦,总结提出了需要扩充多元化贸易伙伴、加大海外投资金额、加强核心技术研发,以及金融服务企业转型发展和“走出去”等四点政策建议。

After World War Ⅱ,with the support of United States,Japan formulated a series of industrial policies based on its own resource endowment and comparative advantages to promote economic recovery and rapid development.In this process,the trade deficit between United States and Japan has continued to widen,and trade frictions between the two countries have occurred and escalated in many fields.From the perspective of industry,this paper analyzes the process of economic recovery and changes in industrial structure in Japan,as well as the measures,effects and enlightenment of trade protectionism at different stages of development.The study found that in the face of trade frictions with the United States,Japan mostly compromised by implementing voluntary export constraints.Faced with the resulting decline in export share,Japan has absorbed excess capacity through government subsidies and promote the transformation and upgrading of the industry to technology-intensive.At the same time,Japan will shift labor-intensive industries to developing countries,increase the share of overseas investment in target markets,and increase the proportion of local production and sales of related products to cope with the impact of trade frictions.Through the analysis of the trade friction between Japan and the United States,four policy suggestions are summarized,including the need to expand diversified trading partners,increase the amount of overseas investment,strengthen the research and development of core technologies,and the transformation and development of financial service enterprises and“go global”.