铜/铝双金属固-液复合工艺研究

Research on Copper/Aluminum Bimetallic Solid-Liquid Compound Process

采用冲击射流固-液复合法制备铜/铝复合材料,预先在铜基体表面进行预处理,在浇注过程中改变铜基体的移动速度,使铝液与铜基体产生不同程度强化换热作用。利用SEM、XRD、EDS检测分析了铜/铝复合层成分与组织变化规律,用万能力学试验机测量其结合强度,显微硬度分析复合层的硬度分布。试验表明:浇注温度720℃时,随着铜基体移动速度升高,铝液对铜基体冲击射流换热量降低,复合层由Cu/Al金属间化合物组成。镀镍层使得铝液在铜基体表面产生润湿、漫流、保护作用,促进固-液界面形成冶金结合,有效提升了铜/铝复合材料的结合强度。试样在浇注温度720℃、铜基体移动速15 mm/s时,测得界面结合强度为24.8 MPa。

The copper/aluminum composite material was prepared by the impact jet solid-liquid compound method,and the surface of the copper matrix was pretreated in advance,and the moving speed of the copper matrix was changed during the casting process,so that the heat exchange between the molten aluminum and the steel matrix was strengthened to varying degrees.The composition and microstructure of the copper/aluminum composite layer were analyzed by SEM,XRD and EDS,the bonding strength was measured by a universal testing machine,and the hardness distribution of the composite layer was analyzed by microhardness test.The experimental results showed that when the pouring temperature was 720℃,the heat transfer of the molten aluminum to the copper matrix decreased with the increase of the moving speed of the copper matrix,and the composite layer was composed of Cu/Al intermetallic compounds.The nickel plating layer made the molten aluminum produce wetting,diffuse flow and protection on the surface of the copper matrix,promote the metallurgical bond formed at the solid-liquid interface,and effectively improved the bonding strength of the copper/aluminum composites.When the pouring temperature of the sample was 720℃and the moving speed of the copper matrix was 15 mm/s,the measured interfacial bonding strength was 24.8 MPa.