餐具中14种重金属元素迁移量的影响因素及迁移规律

Influencing factors and migration rules of 14 kinds of heavy metals in tableware

[目的]探究影响餐具中Ag、As、Pb等14种重金属元素迁移量的因素及各元素迁移的规律。[方法]以银餐具为例,选取银纯度(92.50%,99.00%,99.90%,99.99%)、食品模拟物(饮用水,10%乙醇,5 g/L柠檬酸,4%乙酸,茶水)、浸泡温度(20,40,70℃)、浸泡时间(0.5,1.0,6.0,12.0,24.0 h)设计混合水平正交试验,通过极差和方差分析法进行数据分析。[结果]14种重金属元素均被检出,随着银纯度的增加,Ag元素的迁移量也增加;食品模拟物为酸性或有乙醇存在时,各元素的迁移量相对较高,且随着浸泡时间增长、浸泡温度增加,各元素迁移量呈一定的增加趋势。[结论]银餐具制品在长时间接触酸性或含酒精等食品时,重金属元素迁出量较高,存在较大安全隐患。

[Objective]This study focus on exploring the factors affecting the migration of 14 heavy metal elements such as Ag,As and Pb in tableware and the migration patterns of each element.[Methods]Silver tableware was chosen as an example,and the following parameters were chosen:silver purities(92.50%,99.00%,99.90%,99.99%),food simulants(drinking water,10%ethanol,5 g/L citric acid,4%acetic acid,tea),soaking temperatures(20,40,70℃),and soaking times(0.5,1.0,6.0,12.0,24.0 h),to design mixed level orthogonal experiments and perform data analysis using range and analysis of variance methods.[Results]All 14 heavy metal elements were detected,and with the increase of silver purity,the migration amount of Ag element also increased.When the food simulant was acidic or in the presence of ethanol,the migration of various elements in food simulants was relatively high,and with the increase of soaking time and soaking temperature,the migration of each element showed a certain increasing trend.[Conclusion]When silver tableware products are exposed to acidic or alcoholic foods for a long time,the migration of heavy metal elements is relatively high,posing significant safety hazards.