农村土地经营权信托要素的优化配置

Optimal Configuration of Trust Elements for Rural Land Management Rights

发轫于“两权分离”背景下的农村土地承包经营权信托,在“三权分置”背景下已迭代为农村土地经营权信托。土地经营权被立法确认为民事权利,有利于破除土地经营权以信托方式流转的法律障碍。但是,既有土地经营权信托要素配置存在失衡的困境,主要表现在信托主体资格错位、土地经营权转移标准不明确及信托目的定位模糊等方面。信托要素的合理配置是促进土地经营权信托发展的内在要求,更是完善土地经营权信托相关制度的重要手段。应遵循是否有利于保障农户的土地权益、是否有利于彰显信托机理的功能优势及是否有利于克服信托实践中“市场失灵”的基本准则,从厘清信托主体资格、构建土地经营权信托登记制度及将信托目的重塑为社会性目的等方面着力,对土地经营权信托要素进行优化配置。

The rural land contract management right trust,which originated from the“two rights separation”,has evolved into the rural land management right trust under the background of“three rights separation”.The land management right has been confirmed as a civil right by legislation,which is conducive to breaking the legal barriers to the transfer of land management rights in the form of trust.However,there is an imbalance in the configuration of existing land management right trust elements,which is mainly manifested in the misalignment of trust subject qualifications,unclear land management right transfer standards and vague trust purpose positioning.The reasonable configuration of trust elements is an inherent requirement for promoting the development of land management right trust,and it is also an important means to improve the relevant system of land management right trust.It should follow the basic principles of whether it is conducive to protecting the land rights and interests of farmers,whether it is conducive to highlighting the functional advantages of the trust mechanism and whether it is conducive to overcoming the“market failure”in trust practice,and focus on clarifying the qualifications of trust subjects,building a land management right trust registration system and reshaping the trust purpose into a social purpose,so as to optimize the configuration of land management right trust elements.