侵犯公民个人信息罪保护法益的厘清

Clarifying the Legal Interest of the Crime of Infringing on Citizens’Personal Information

由于缺乏对个人信息与个人数据关系的正确认识,所以侵犯公民个人信息罪既有法益观的权属配置视角存在欠缺,在具体适用中面临诸多障碍。在个人数据流通的现实场景中,应承认本罪的行为对象包含承载个人信息的个人数据。基于本罪保护法益的确立依据,即行为对象的社会属性,行为内容的场景属性与危害后果的多元属性,应将本罪的保护法益确立为法定主体的信息专有权,其支配主体、法益内容与法益属性均应遵循场景化判断标准。以此为指导,可明确本罪行为不法的动态判断机制,厘清侵犯公民个人信息的行政不法与本罪刑事不法,以及本罪与关联犯罪的区分标准,将个人数据关联主体权益妥善纳入本罪的保护范围。

Due to the lack of a correct understanding of the relationship between personal information and personal data,the existing legal interest of the crime of infringement of citizens’personal information is deficient in the perspective of validation of rights or interests to data,and faces a number of obstacles in the concrete application of the crime.In the real scenario of personal data circulation,it should be recognized that the object of validation of rights contains personal data carrying personal information.Based on the basis of determination of the protected legal interest of this crime,i.e.the social attributes of the object of the act,the scenario attributes of the content of the act and the multiple attributes of the harmful consequences,the legal interest of this crime should be determined as the exclusive right to information of the legal subject,and the subject of its domination,the content and the legal attributes of the legal interest should follow the criterion of scenario-based judgement.Based on this guidance,the dynamic judgement mechanism of this offence can be clarified,the criteria for distinguishing between the administrative offence of infringing citizens’personal information and the criminal offence,and the offence and related crimes can be clarified,and the rights and interests of the subjects related to personal data can be properly included in the scope of protection of this offence.