秸秆还田配施磷肥对旱地小麦土壤养分和磷素利用率的影响

Effect of Straw Returning with Phosphate Fertilizer on Soil Nutrient and Phosphate Utilization Rate in Dryland Wheat

以洛旱22号为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为秸秆不还田(S_(0))、秸秆还田(S_(1))2种处理,副区为P_(0)~P_(4)处理(施磷量分别为0、75.0、112.5、150.0、187.5 kg/hm^(2)),测定小麦不同生育时期的土壤理化指标和磷肥利用效率,分析探讨了秸秆还田配施磷肥对麦田土壤养分和小麦磷素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:(1)土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量各处理总体表现为随着小麦生育期的推进呈现逐渐降低的趋势,拔节期最高,成熟期最低;(2)同一施磷水平下,S_(1)处理总体高于S_(0)处理,S_(1)处理的土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量较S_(0)处理分别提高了1.99%、8.08%、1.74%、4.74%、7.38%、5.73%;(3)同一施磷水平下,秸秆还田处理提高了磷肥农学利用率、磷肥表现回收率、磷肥偏生产力及磷肥吸收效率,较秸秆不还田处理分别提高了12.09%、82.68%、6.11%和16.72%;(4)同一秸秆还田处理下,磷肥农学利用率和磷肥表现回收率均随着施磷量的增加而呈先升后降的变化趋势,均在施磷量为112.5 kg/hm^(2)时(P_(2))达到最大值;磷肥偏生产力和磷素吸收效率均随着施磷量的增加而呈下降的趋势,且秸秆还田和施磷互作对磷肥农学利用率、磷肥表现回收率和磷肥吸收效率均有显著影响。

Luohan 22 was used as the experimental material,and a split-plot experimental design was employed.The main plots were divided into two treatments:no straw return(S_(0))and straw return(S_(1)),while the sub-plots received P_(0)~P_(4) treament(phosphorus application of 0,75.0,112.5,150.0,187.5 kg/hm^(2),respectively).Soil physicochemical indexes and phosphorus utilization efficiency of wheat at different growth stages were measured.The effects of straw returning and phosphorus application on soil nutrients and phosphorus uptake and utilization of wheat were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil generally decreased gradually as the wheat growth stage progressed,with the highest levels during the jointing period and the lowest during the maturity period.(2)Under the same phosphorus application level,the S_(1) treatment was generally higher than the S_(0) treatment,with increases in total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium of 1.99%,8.08%,1.74%,4.74%,7.38%,and 5.73%respectively.(3)With the same phosphorus application level,straw return increased the agronomic phosphorus use efficiency,phosphorus recovery rate,phosphorus partial factor productivity,and phosphorus absorption efficiency compared to no straw return,with increases of 12.09%,82.68%,6.11%,and 16.72%respectively.(4)Under the same straw return treatment,agronomic phosphorus use efficiency and apparent recovery rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus application level,reaching a maximum at the P_(2) treatment level(112.5 kg/hm^(2)).Phosphorus partial factor productivity and absorption efficiency decreased with the increase of phosphorus application level,and the interaction between straw return and phosphorus fertilization significantly affected agronomic phosphorus use efficiency,apparent recovery rate and absorption efficiency.