老年髋部骨折患者急性小腿肌间静脉血栓的危险因素及血栓风险指数的诊断价值

Risk factors and diagnostic value of thrombotic risk index for acute calf muscular venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fractures

目的探索老年髋部骨折患者急性小腿肌间静脉血栓(CMVT)的危险因素,并评估血栓风险指数对CMVT的诊断价值。方法前瞻性收集老年创伤性髋部骨折患者急诊入院样本,检测血小板计数(PLT)、血小板比积(PCT)、凝血指标[凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物(TAFI)、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原(Fib)]和生化指标[血清总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(Glob)、肌酸激酶(CK)、三酰甘油(TG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)]。比较CMVT组、小腿深静脉血栓(DCVT)组与非深静脉血栓(DVT)组间指标差异,采用多因素Logistics回归分析筛选CMVT的独立危险因素,并生成血栓风险指数,评估其诊断CMVT的价值。结果与非DVT组相比,CMVT组TAFI、Fib、TP、CK、TG、PCT和LDH水平显著降低(P均<0.05),D-二聚体水平升高但差异无统计学意义;DCVT组TP水平显著低于非DVT组(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,年龄、LDH和Fib是CMVT的独立危险因素。血栓风险指数诊断CMVT的ROC曲线下面积为0.718(P<0.001)。结论老年髋部骨折患者CMVT的独立危险因素是年龄、LDH和Fib,而血栓风险指数对诊断CMVT具有较高的价值。

Objective To investigate the risk factors for acute calf muscular venous thrombosis(CMVT)in elderly patients with hip fractures and evaluate the diagnostic value of thrombotic risk index for CMVT.Methods The blood samples from elderly emergency admission patients with traumatic hip fractures were prospectively collected,and platelet count(PLT),plateletcrit(PCT),coagulation markers such as thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor(TAFI),D-dimer,and fibrinogen(Fib),and biochemical markers,including serum total protein(TP),globulin(Glob),creatine kinase(CK),triglyceride(TG),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),were detected.The differences in these markers between the CMVT group,deep calf venous thrombosis(DCVT)group and non-deep venous thrombosis(DVT)group were compared.The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for CMVT,and a thrombotic risk index was generated to evaluate its diagnostic value in CMVT.Results Compared with the non-DVT group,the levels of TAFI,Fib,TP,CK,TG,PCT,and LDH in the CMVT group were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the level of D-dimer increased but the difference was not statistically significant.The level of TP in the DCVT group was significantly lower than that in the non-DVT group(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that age,LDH,and Fib were independent risk factors for CMVT.The area under the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve of the thrombotic risk index in diagnosing CMVT was 0.718(P<0.001).Conclusion Age,LDH,and Fib are the independent risk factors of CMVT in elderly patients with hip fractures.The thrombotic risk index has a high diagnostic value in CMVT.