高速公路生态环境保护基础设施建设示范与经验——以建兴高速生物多样性(鸟类)观测站为例

Demonstration and Experience of Ecological Environment Protection Infrastructure Construction on Highways:An Example of the Biodiversity(Bird)Observation Station for Jianxing Highway

高速公路作为关系民生福祉的基础设施,具有促进经济发展、加快区域发展等重要意义,但由于其分割生境、产生噪声等因素,高速公路基础设施的快速发展对沿线生态系统和生物多样性保护带来不利影响,有必要建立生物多样性观测站进行观测评估,科学指导生态保护和管理。建兴高速生物多样性(鸟类)观测站是整合多方力量建成的多样性观测站。探讨了观测站各设计阶段,观测站点的选择原则和空间定位方法,并对观测区域进行了生态系统类型聚类分析。截至2024年5月底,观测站已记录兴化里下河湿地鸟类51种、63万余只(次)。初步分析结果表明,人为干扰低的站点鸟类多样性程度最高。根据该观测站建设实际,提出生物多样性观测站建设因地制宜、长期运营、深化科研、公众参与等4个方面的经验。

As an infrastructure related to people s livelihood and well-being,highways have significance in promoting economic development and accelerating regional development.However,due to factors such as habitat segmentation and noise generation,the rapid development of highway has brought certain adverse effects on the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity along the route.So,it is necessary to establish biodiversity observation stations for observation and evaluation,and scientifically guide ecological protection and management.The Jianxing Expressway Biodiversity(Bird)Observation Station is a diversity observation station built by integrating forces.This article introduces the design phase of observation stations,principles for selecting observation stations,position selecting methods,and finally conducts ecosystem type clustering analysis on the observation area.By the end of May 2024,the observation station has recorded 51 species of birds and over 630000 individuals in the observation area;analysis results indicate that sites with low human interference have the highest level of bird diversity.According to actual construction process,this article proposes four aspects of construction experience of biodiversity observation stations,including adapting to local conditions,long-term operation,deepening scientific research,and public participation.