春、秋季灌河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构特征

The Structure Characteristics of the Intertidal Zone Macrobenthos Community in Guanhe Estuary in Spring and Autumn

为研究灌河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构的季节特征,于2021年5月(春季)和9月(秋季)对灌河口南北两岸的2个潮间带断面的大型底栖动物进行定量调查,共鉴定大型底栖动物7大类58种,其中环节动物30种,占比51.72%,为优势类群;软体动物12种,占比20.69%;节肢动物10种,占比17.24%;脊索动物和纽形动物各2种,分别占比3.45%;棘皮动物和星虫动物各1种,分别占比1.72%。春季大型底栖动物种数高于秋季,SEC2断面大型底栖动物种数高于SEC1。优势种分别为持真节虫(Euclymene annandalei)、齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys sp.)、双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)、四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)、天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)、中华蜾蠃蜚(Corophium sinense)和两用孔纽虫(Amphiporus punctatulus),其中四角蛤蜊在春、秋两季均为优势种。受优势种生活史特性及断面生境差异影响,SEC1断面的大型底栖动物密度和生物量均为春季较高,SEC2断面则为秋季较高;春、秋季的大型底栖动物密度平均值表现为SEC2>SEC1,春季SEC1断面的生物量较高,秋季SEC2生物量较高。优势种的潮带分布呈现亚热带河口湿地特点,高潮带以多毛类动物为主,中低潮带以软体动物为主。2个断面的香农维纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数(H′)均值均为春季>秋季,SEC1的W均值表现为秋季>春季,SEC2的W均值则为春季>秋季;春、秋季H′和W均值均为SEC1>SEC2;灌河口潮间生态环境总体处于轻度污染状态,灌河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落总体处于轻度干扰状态。

In order to study the spatial-temporal change of the macrobenthos community in intertidal zone in Guanhe estuary,quantitative investigations was carried out in 2 sections in the north and south banks of Guanhe estuary in May(spring)and August(autumn)in 2021.A total of 58 species from 7 phylums was identified,including 30 species from Annelida(51.72%),12 species from Mollusca(20.69%),10 and species from Arthropoda(17.24%),2 species from Chordata(3.45%),2 species from Nemertea(3.45%),1 species from Echinodermata(1.72%),1 species from Sipuncula(1.72%).Species number was higher in spring than in autumn,furthermore,more species were collected in SEC2 than in SC1.Euclymene annandalei,Nephtys sp.,Perinereis aibuhitensis,Mactra veneriformis,Helice tientsinensis,Corophium sinense and Amphiporus punctatulus were the dominant species,Thereinto,Mactra veneriformis was dominant both in Spring and Autumn.Spatial and temporal distribution of the density and biomass was affected by the life history strategy of the dominant species and habitat difference in 2 intertidal sections,both density and biomass of the macrobenthos was higher in spring than in autumn in SEC1,however,SEC2 was the polar opposite of the SEC1;density of the macrobenthos was higher in SEC2 than in SEC1 both in spring and autumn,biomass of the macrobenthos was higher in SEC1 than in SEC2 in spring whereas in autumn it was the opposite.Tidal zone distribution of the dominant species showed the geographical features of subtropical estuarine wetland,polychaetes mainly distributed in supratidal zone whereas mollusc mainly distributed in mid and subtidal zone.Average Shannon-Weiner index was higher in spring than in autumn both in SEC1 and SEC2,average W index in SEC1 was higher in autumn than in spring,average W index in SEC2 was higher in spring than in autumn.Average Shannon-Weiner index and W index was higher in SEC1 than in SEC2 both in spring and autumn.Ecological environment of the intertidal zone in Guanhe estuary was in light pollution appearances,W index showed that the macrobenthos community was lightly interfered.